Chapter 7. ¨t²ÎºÞ²z

A: ±q 2.0.5R ¨ì 2.2.1R¡A¥D­nªº³]©wÀɬO /etc/sysconfig¡C ©Ò¦³ªº¿ï¶µ³£³Q«ü©w¦b³o­ÓÀÉ¡A¦Ó¨ä¥L¹³ /etc/rc ©M /etc/netstart ¥u¬O¤Þ¥Î¥¦¡C

Æ[¹î /etc/sysconfig ³o­ÓÀɨíץ¿¨ä­È¥H¾A¦X§Aªº¨t²Î¡C ³o­ÓÀɥεù¸Ñ¶ñº¡¥Hªí¥Ü¦ó³B¸Ó©ñ¸m¤°»ò³]©w¡C

¦b 2.2.1 ¥H«á¤Î 3.0 ¡A/etc/sysconfig §ó¦W¬°¤@­Ó§ó®e ©ö´y­zªºÀɦW¥s rc.conf ¡A¨Ã¥B»yªk²¤Æ¤F¨Ç¡C/etc/netstart ¥ç§ó¦W¬° /etc/rc.network ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î cp /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C

/etc/rc.local ¥X²{¨Ã¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó±Ò°ÊÃB¥~ªº¥»¦aªA°È¹³¬O INN ©Î¬Y¨Ç¦Û­q¿ï¶µ¡C

/etc/rc.serial ¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð(¹³¬OÂê©w°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C

/etc/rc.i386 ¬O Intel ±M¥Î³]©w¡A¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C

¥Ñ 2.1.0R ¶}©l¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¦b /etc/sysconfig (©Î /etc/rc.conf) ¸Ì«ü©w¤@­Ó¥Ø¿ý¾Ö¦³"¥»¦a"°_©lÀÉ¡G

        # Location of local startup files.
        local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d
      

¨C­Ó¥H .sh µ²§ÀªºÀɱN¥H¦r¥À¶¶§Ç³Q°õ¦æ¡C

°²¦p§A·Q½T«O¬Y­Ó°õ¦æ¶¶§Ç¤S¤£·Q§ï©Ò¦³ªºÀɦW¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó²³æ ªº¬[ºc¦p¤U¡A§Q¥Î¨Æ¥ý¦w±Æ¨ì¨C­ÓÀɦW«eªº¼Æ¦r¨Ó½T«O¶¶§Ç¡G

        10news.sh
        15httpd.sh
        20ssh.sh
      

³o¥i¯à¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³ÂIÁà(©ÎÃþ¦ü SysV :-)) ¦ý¬O¥¦´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó²³æ¦Ó³W«ßªº ¬[ºcÅý¥»¦a¥[¤Jªº®M¥ó¤£¶·½s¿è /etc/rc.local ´N¯à­«·s±Æ §Ç¡C³\¦hªº ports/packages °²³] /usr/local/etc/rc.d ¬O ¥»¦a°_©lªº¥Ø¿ý¡C

A: ¨Ï¥Î adduser «ü¥O¡C¦pªG»Ý­n§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡A½Ð¥Î pw ³o­Ó«ü¥O¡C

­n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î rmuser «ü¥O¡C

A: ¹î¬Ý www.FreeBSD.org ªººÏºÐ®æ¦¡¤Æ«ü¾É¤å¥ó¡C

A: ¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸mµL½×¬O ZIP ©Î EZ(©Î¬Æ¦Ü¬O³nºÐ¾÷¡A¦pªG§A­n³o¼Ë¨Ï¥Î ¥¦)¡A©Î¬O¤@­Ó·sªºµwºÐ¡A¥u­n¬O¦w¸Ë¨Ã¥Ñ¨t²Î­«²Õ¡A¦Ó§A¦³ºÏ¤ù§X /³nºÐ¤ù/©Î¨ä¥LªF¦è¥i¥H´¡¤J¡A¨º³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m³£¬OÃþ¦ü¥\¯àªºªF¦è¡C

(¥»¸`¥D­n¥Ñ Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ ¤Þ¤J)

°²¦p¬O ZIP ©Î³nºÐ¾÷¡A§A¤w¸g¦b¤W­±¦³ DOS Àɮרt²Î¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î ¹³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¡G

        mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy
      

³o¬O°w¹ï³nºÐ¾÷¡A©Î¬O¥H¤U©R¥O¡G

        mount -t msdos /dev/da2s4 /zip
      

¨Ï¥Î ZIP ªº¥X¼t¹w³]­È¡C

¨ä¥LºÏ¤ù¡A¥Î fdisk ©Î /stand/sysinstall ¹î¬Ý ¦p¦ó°t¸m¡C

±µ¤U¨Ó³o­Ó½d¨Ò¬O ZIP ¸Ë¦b da2¡A¦b²Ä¤T­Ó SCSI ºÏºÐ¡C

°£«D¬O³nºÐ¾÷¡A©Î¤@­Ó§A­pµe¸ò¨ä¥L¤H¤À¨É¨Ï¥Îªº¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸m¡A¦b ¦w¸Ë BSD Àɮרt²Î¥i¯à¬O¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û¦nªº¥D·N¡C§A±N¾Ö¦³ªøÀɦW¤ä´© ¡A¦Ü¤Ö¨â­¿¥H¤Wªº®Ä²v¼W¶i¡AÁÙ¦³§ó°ªªºÃ­©w«×¡C­º¥ý¡A§A»Ý­n­«·s »s§@ DOS ¼hªº¤À³Î°Ï/Àɮרt²Î¡C§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î fdisk ©Î /stand/sysinstall¡A©Î¹ï¤@­Ó§A¤£·Q¤ä´©¦h­«§@·~¨t²Îªº ¤pºÏºÐ¡A¥u­n§â¥¦¹º¤À¦¨¾ã­Ó FAT ¤À³Îªí(slices)¨Ã¥Î¥H¤U BSD ¤À ³Îªk¡G

        dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda2 count=2
        disklabel -Brw da2 auto
      

§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î disklabel ©Î /stand/sysinstall ¥h«Ø¥ß¦h­« BSD ¤À³Î°Ï¡CµLºÃªº¦pªG§A¥¿¦bµwºÐ¾÷¤W¼W¥[¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap space)®É §A´N»Ý­n³o»ò°µ¡A¦ý¬O¦b¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸m¦p ZIP ¤W¥i¯à´N¬OµL·N¸qªº¡C

³Ì«á¡A«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó·sªºÀɮרt²Î¡A¤]´N¬O¦b ZIP ¸Ë¸m¤W¬O¨Ï¥Î¾ã­ÓºÏºÐ¡G

        newfs /dev/rda2c
      

¨Ã¥B§â¥¦ mount °_¨Ó¡G

        mount /dev/da2c /zip
      

¦b /etc/fstab ¥[¤J¤U­±³o¤@¦æ¥i¯à¬O¤@­Ó¦n¥D·N¡A§A¥H«á´N¥u ­n¥´"mount /zip" :

        /dev/da2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0
      

A: ¦¸­n DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦b©Ò¦³¥D­n¤À³Î°Ï¤§«á³Q§ä¨ì¡AÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG§A¦³¤@­Ó "E" ¤À³Î°Ï¦b²Ä¤G­Ó SCSI ¸Ë¸mªº²Ä¤G­Ó DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡A§A»Ý­n¦b /dev ¤U «Ø¥ß "slice 5" ªº¯S®íÀɮסAµM«á mount /dev/da1s5¡G

        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV sd1s5
        # mount -t msdos /dev/da1s5 /dos/e
      

A: Digital UNIX UFS ¥úºÐ¾÷¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤Wª½±µ mount¡C±q Digital UNIX ©M¨ä¥L¤ä´© UFS ®æ¦¡ªº¨t²Î mount ºÏºÐ¤À³Î°Ï¥i¯à§ó ½ÆÂø¡A¥D­n²Ó¸`¬O¨Ì¿à§@·~¨t²ÎªººÏºÐ¤À³Îªk¡C

Linux: 2.2 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤ä´© ext2fs ¤À³Î°Ï¡A½Ð¬d¾\ mount_ext2fs ¦³§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C

NT: ¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó FreeBSD ¤U¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îªº°ßŪ NTFS ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ ¦s¦b¡A§ó¦h¸ê°T§A¥i¥H¹î¬Ý Mark Ovens ¦b http://ukug.uk.freebsd.org/~mark/ntfs_install.html ªº«ü¾É¤¶²Ð¡C

¦pªG±z¯à´£¨Ñ¥ô¦ó³o­Ó¥DÃDªº¨ä¥L¸ê°T¡A§Ú­Ì·|«Ü·P¿E¡C

A: ¥H¤U©Ò´y­zªºµ{§Ç¦b 2.2.x ©M 3.x(¨Ï¥Î 3-stage ¶}¾÷¼Ò¦¡)¨t²Î¤§¶¡¦³¬Û·í¤jªº¤£¦P¡C

³Ì´¶¹Mªº·Qªk¬O§â§A­ì¥» FreeBSD root ¤À³Î°Ïªº²Ä¤@­ÓºÏ°Ï«þ¨©¨ì DOS/NT ¤À³Î°Ï¸Ìªº¤@­ÓÀɮפº¡C°²³]§A©R¦W¥¦¬°¡G c:\bootsect.bsd (¥Ñ c:\bootsect.dos ±Â·N¦Ó¨Ó)¡A±µµÛ§A¥i¥H½s¿è c:\boot.ini Àɮפº®e¦p¤U¡G

        [boot loader]
        timeout=30

        default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
        [operating systems]
        multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT"
        C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD"
        C:\="DOS"
      

¹ï 2.2.x ª©¥»ªº¨t²Î¨Ó»¡¡A¦¹µ{§Ç°²³] DOS¡ANT¡AFreeBSD¡A©Î¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¤w¸g³Q¦w¸Ë¦b <¦P¤@­Ó> ºÏºÐªº¦U¦Û¤À³Î°Ï¡C¥»¨Ò¤¤§Úªº DOS & NT ¬O¦b²Ä¤@ ­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¦Ó FreeBSD ¦b²Ä¤G­Ó¡C§Ú¤]§â FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë¦¨¥Ñ native partition ±Ò°Ê¡A¦Ó¤£¬O ±qºÏºÐªº MBR¡C

Mount ¤@­Ó DOS ®æ¦¡¤Æªº³nºÐ¡]°²¦p§A¤w¸gÂà´«¨ì NTFS¡^©Î FAT ¤À ³Î°Ï¨ì /mnt¡G

        dd if=/dev/rda0a of=/mnt/bootsect.bsd bs=512 count=1
      

­«·s¶}¾÷¶i¤J DOS ©Î NT¡CNTFS ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ§â bootsect.bsd ¥H¤Î/©Î bootsect.lnx ±q³nºÐ«þ¨©¨ì C:\¡C­×§ï boot.ini ªºÄÝ©Ê(¦s¨ú³\¥i)¡G

        attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini
      

½s¿è¨Ã±q¤W­z boot.ini ªº½d¨Ò¥[¤J¬ÛÃö¾A·íªº¶µ¥Ø¡A¦A§âÄݩʦ^´_ ¡G

        attrib +r +s c:\boot.ini
      

¦pªG FreeBSD ¬O¥Ñ MBR ±Ò°Ê¡A¦b§A­«·s³]©w±q­þ­Ó native ¤À³Î°Ï±Ò°Ê«á ¡A¥Î DOS ªº ``fdisk'' ©R¥O¦^´_¥¦¡C

¹ï FreeBSD 3.x ª©¥»ªº¨t²Î¦Ó¨¥¨BÆJ´N²³æ¦h¤F¡C

°²¦p FreeBSD ¬O¸ò NT ±Ò°Ê°Ï¦w¸Ë¦b¦P¤@­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¡A±N /boot/boot1 «þ¨©¦¨ c:\bootsect.bsd ¡A­Y FreeBSD ¸ò NT ±Ò°Ê°Ï¦w¸Ë¦b¤£¦P¤À³Î°Ï¡A«h±N /boot/boot0 «þ¨©¦¨ c:\bootsect.bsd ¡CµM«á°Ñ·Ó«e ­±´y­z­×§ï c:\bootsect.ini ³o­ÓÀɮסC

A: ¦pªG§A¦b¦P¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷¸Ì¦³ FreeBSD ©M Linux¡A¥u­n¸òÀH LILO ªº¦w ¸Ë«ü¥O¡A±q¤@­Ó«D Linux §@·~¨t²Î±Ò°Ê¡C²²¤»¡©ú¦p¤U¡G

±Ò°Ê Linux¡A¨Ã¦b /etc/lilo.conf ¤¤¥[¤J¥H¤U´X¦æ¡G

          other=/dev/hda2
              table=/dev/hda
              label=FreeBSD
         

¡]¤W­±¬O°²³]§Aªº FreeBSD slice ¦b Linux ¬O /dev/hda2 ¡F½Ð °t¦X¦Û¤vªº³]©w¡^¡CµM«á¡A¥Î root °õ¦æ lilo À³¸Ó´N§¹¦¨¤F¡C

°²¦p FreeBSD ¦b¥t¥~¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¡A§A¥²¶·¦b LILO ¿ï¶µ¤¤¥[¤J ``loader=/boot/chain.b''¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G

          other=/dev/dab4
              table=/dev/dab
              loader=/boot/chain.b
              label=FreeBSD
         

¬Y¨Ç±¡§Î§A¥²¶·«ü©w BIOS ºÏºÐ¥N¸¹µ¹ FreeBSD boot loader ¥H´Á±q²Ä ¤GºÏºÐ¦¨¥\ªº±Ò°Ê¡CÁ|¨Ò¡A°²¦p FreeBSD SCSI ºÏºÐ¦b BIOS ¤¤°»´ú ¬O BIOS disk 1¡A¨º¦b FreeBSD boot loader ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¥X²{®É§A¥²¶·«ü ©w¡G

      Boot: 1:da(0,a)/kernel
      

¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ©M¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A§A¥i¥H³]©w boot(8) ³o¼Ë¨C¦¸±Ò°Ê®É´N·|¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ¡C

Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO ¬O FreeBSD ©M Linux ¦@¥Î¾Þ§@ªº¨}¦n °Ñ¦Ò¤å¥ó¡C

A: ¦b Linux ±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°Ï¦w¸Ë LILO ¨ú¥N¥D­n±Ò°Ê¸ê®Æ(Master Boot Record)¡C±µµÛ§A¥i¥H±q BootEasy ±Ò°Ê LILO¡C

°²¦p§A¥¿¦b¥Î Windows-95 ©M Linux¡A³o¦³¤@­Ó«Øij¤èªk¡G­n§ó²³æ ªº±q Linux ¦A¦¸±Ò°Ê¦b©ó§A¬O§_À³¸Ó­«·s¦w¸Ë Windows95¡]³o¬O¤@­Ó µ½§ªªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¥¦À£­¢¤£Åý¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¦s¦b©ó Master Boot Record ¤º¡^¡C

A: ¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç¤¹³\§A¿ï¾Ü¨âºØ¤£¦Pªº¤èªk¨Ó¤À³Î§Aªº ºÏºÐ¾÷¡C¤º©w¤èªk¬°¤F¦b¦P¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¤W©M¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¥i¥H¬Û®e¡A©ó¬O ¨Ï¥Î fdisk table entries(FreeBSD ¸ÌºÙ¤§¬°``slices'')¡AFreeBSD ªº slice ´N¬O¨Ï¥Î¾ã­Ó¦Û¤vªº¤À³Î°Ï¡C¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Üªº¬O¡A§A¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¦w¸Ë ±Ò°Ê¿ï¾Ü¾¹(boot-selector) ¦bºÏºÐ¾÷¼Æ­Ó¥i¯àªº§@·~¨t²Î¤W¨Ó¦^¤Á´«¡C

¥t¥~¤@­Ó¥i¿ï¾Üªº¥Îªk¬O§â¾ã­ÓºÏºÐ¼·µ¹ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¡A¨Ã¥B¤£°µ¨ä¥L §@·~¨t²Îªº¬Û®e©Ê¦Ò¶q¡C

¦]¦¹¬°¦ó¥s¥¦``¦MÀIªº''¡S¤@­Ó³B©ó³oºØ¼Ò¦¡ªººÏºÐ¾÷¤£¥]§t¯à³Q¥¿ ±` PC ¤½¥Îµ{¦¡µø¬°¦³®Äªº fdisk table¡C¨Ì´`¥¦­Ì³Q³]­pªº¼Ò¦¡¡A¥u ­n¥¦­Ì¦b³o¼Ë¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷¤¤¤@¥¹³QIJ¤Î¥i¯à´N·|²£¥Í¿ù»~ªº´£¥Ü¡A©Î§ó ÁV¿|ªº¡A¥i¯à¥¼¸g´£¥Ü©Î³qª¾§A´N§â FreeBSD bootstrap §ËÃa¡C¥t¥~ ¡A``¦MÀI©^Äm''ªººÏºÐ layout ·|»~¾É³\¦h¼tµPªº BIOSsen(BIOS °»´ú) ¹³¬OAWARD(¤ñ¦p»¡¦b HP Netserver ©M Micronics µ¥¥H¤Î¨ä¥L³\¦h¨t ²Î)¡A©M Symbios/NCR(¦p¦b SCSI controllers ¤¤«Ü¬y¦æªº 53C8xx ¨t¦C)¡C³o¨Ã«D¤@­Ó§¹¾ãªº¦Cªí¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦h¥¼¦C¥X¡C³oºØ»~¾Éªº¼x¥ü¥] ¬A¥Ñ FreeBSD bootstrap ±Ò°Ê¡A·íµwºÐµLªk³Q§ä¨ì®É¦Ó¦L¥X "read error" ªº°T®§¡A¥H­P©ó¾ã­Ó¨t²Î¦b±Ò°Ê¤¤¾ã­Ó°±º¢¡C

¨º¬°¦ó¤S­n¦³³oºØ¼Ò¦¡©O¡H¥¦¥u¸`¬ÙºÏºÐªÅ¶¡¤¤¼Æ kbyte ªº¤j¤p¡A ¦Ó¹ï¤@­Ó·sªº¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤«o¥i¯à²£¥Í¹ê»Úªº§xÃø¡C`¦MÀI©^Äm'¼Ò¦¡­ì¥» ªº·Qªk¬O°ò©óÁקK¤@­Ó¥þ·s FreeBSD installer ¤¤³Ì±`¨£ªº°ÝÃD - ¬° ¤F­n¦bºÏºÐ¾÷¤W°t¦X BIOS ªº ``geometry'' ¼Æ¥Ø¡C

``Geometry''¬O¤@­Ó¦³ÂI¸¨¥îªº·§©À¡A¦ý¬O«o¤´¦b PC ªº BIOS ¤¤ ¨Ï¥Î¨Ã¥B»PºÏºÐ¾÷¥æ¤¬¹B§@µÛ¡A·í FreeBSD installer «Ø¥ß slice ®É ¡A¥¦¥²¶·°O¿ý³o¨Ç slices ¦bºÏºÐ¾÷¤Wªº¦ì¸m¡A³o¤èªk¥²¶·©M BIOS §Æ ±æ¯à§ä¨ì¥¦­Ìªº¦ì¸m¤@­P¡C°²¦p¿ù¤F¡A§A±N¤£¥i¯à±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡C

``Dangerously dedicated''¼Ò¦¡(«á­±·|²ºÙ¬° DD mode)¸ÕµÛ­nÅý ³o­Ó°ÝÃD²³æ¤@ÂI¡A¬Y¨Ç±¡§Î¤U¥¦°µ¹ï¤F¡C¦ý³o¥u¯à·í¦¨³Ì«áªº¤U¤U¤§ µ¦ - ÁÙ¦³§ó¦nªº¤èªk¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³o°ÝÃDªºµ´¤j³¡¥÷¡C(ĶªÌ¡G³o³¡¥÷¥Î¤F ³\¦hªº¤f»y¥Îµü¡A­ì¤å·Ó¿ý¥H¨Ñ¹ï·Ó¡C)

``Dangerously dedicated'' mode tries to work around this by making the problem simpler. In some cases, it gets it right. But it's meant to be used as a last-ditch alternative - there are better ways to solve the problem 99 times out of 100.

¦]¦¹¡A·í§A¦b¦w¸Ë®É«ç»òÁקK­n¨Ï¥Î``DD''¼Ò¦¡¡H¦b¶}©l®É°O¤U BIOS ­n¨D¨Ï¥ÎºÏºÐ¾÷ªº geometry¡A§A¥i¥H¦b±Ò°Êªº ``boot:''´£¥Ü ¸¹¥X²{®É¡A¥H``-v''«ü©w®Ö¤ß¦L¥X³o­Ó°T®§¡A©Î¬O¦b loader ¸Ì­± ¨Ï¥Î``boot -v''¡C¦b installer ¶}©l°Ê§@«e¡A®Ö¤ß·|¦L¥X¤@¦ê BIOS geometries¡C§Oºò±i - µ¥ installer ¶}©l±Ò°Ê«á¨Ï¥Î scrollback ¤è¦¡¥hŪ³o¨Ç¼Æ¦r¡A«ö·ÓºD¨Ò¦a BIOS ºÏºÐ¾÷ªº³æ¤¸·|¸ò FreeBSD ¦C Á|¥X¨Óªº¤@¼Ë¡AIDE ¥ý¡AµM«á¤~¬O SCSI¡C

·í§A¦b¤À³Î§AªººÏºÐ®É¡AÀˬd¦b FDISK ¿Ã¹õ¤W¥X²{ªººÏºÐ geometry ¬O¥¿½Tªº(¤]´N¬O»¡­n¸ò BIOS ªº¼Æ¦r¬Û²Å¦X)¡F¦pªG¿ù¤F¡A¥Î``g''«öÁä ­×§ï¡C·í§A¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Ý¤£¨ì¥ô¦óºÏºÐ¾÷¡A©Î°²¨ÏºÏºÐ¾÷¤w¸g¥Ñ¥t¤@­Ó¨t ²Î¤¤²¾°£®É¡A¯S§OÀ³¸Ó³o»ò°µ¡C­È±oª`·Nªº¬O³o¥u¬O«ü©w§A­n¥Ñ­þ­ÓºÏºÐ ¤W±Ò°Ê¡FFreeBSD ±N·|¦Û¦æ§ä¥X¦b§A¨t²Î¤Wªº¨ä¥LºÏºÐ¾÷¡C

¤@¥¹§A¨ú±o BIOS ¸ò FreeBSD ¨âªÌ¹ïºÏºÐ¾÷ geometry ªº¦@ÃÑ¡A§A ªº§xÃø´X¥G¤w¸gªï¤b¦Ó¸Ñ¡A¦Ó¥B¦A¤]¤£»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î``DD''mode¡CµM¦Ó¡A°² ¦p§A¤´¾á¤ß·í§A¹Á¸Õ±Ò°Ê®É·|¬Ý¨ì``read error''°T®§¡A³o®É­Ô§A¯à°µ ªº´N¬Oë§iµM«á¸Õ¬Ý¬Ý - ¤Ï¥¿¤]¨S¤°»ò¦n¥¢¥hªº¡C

­n§â``¦MÀI©^Äm''ªººÏºÐ¦^´_¨ì¥¿±` PC ¨Ï¥Î¡A°ò¥»¤W¦³¨â­Ó¿ï¾Ü¡C ²Ä¤@¡A¬O§A§â¨¬°÷ªº NULL ¦ì¤¸²Õ¼g¤J MBR ½T«O¥ô¦óÀH«áªº¦w¸Ëµ{ ¦¡¬Û«H³o¥u¬O¤@­ÓªÅ¥ÕªººÏºÐ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡§A¥i¥H³o¼Ë°µ¡G

        dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda0 count=15
      

©Î¬O±Ä¥Î¥t¥~¤@­Ó¡A«D¥¿¦¡ªº DOS ``¯S¦â''¡G

        fdisk /mbr
      

³o±N·|¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¥D­n±Ò°Ê°O¿ý¡A¦]¦¹·|¯}Ãa BSD bootstrap¡C

A: ³Ì¦nªº¤èªk¬O¼W¥[§A swap ¤À³Î°Ïªº¤j¤p¡A©Î§Q¥Î³o­Ó¤è«K²z¥Ñªº¦n³B¥h ¼W¥[¥t¤@­ÓµwºÐ¡CºD¨Òºâªk¬O¥Î¥D°O¾ÐÅ骺¨â­¿·í¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap space) ¡AµM¦Ó¦pªG§A¥u¦³«Ü¤Ö¶qªº¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡A§A¥i¯à·Q¥t¥~³]©w swap¡C³]©w¨¬°÷ ªº¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¡A¨Ã¬°¥H«á°O¾ÐÅéÂX¥R¹w§@·Ç³Æ¥i¯à¬O­Ó¦n¥D·N¡A³o¼Ë¥H«á´N ¤£»Ý­n¦A°µ¤@¦¸¸m´«ªÅ¶¡ªº³]©w¡C

¦b¤À´²ªººÏºÐ¤W¼W¥[¸m´«ªÅ¶¡·|¤ñ³æ¯Â¦a¦b¦P¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¥[¤J¸m´«ªÅ¶¡ Åý®Ä²v¨Óªº§Ö¤@ÂI¡CÁ|¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¸Ì½sĶ¨Ó ·½µ{¦¡¡A¦Ó¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¦b¥t¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¡A³o·|¤ñ¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¸ò½sĶµ{¦¡³£¦b ¦P¤@­ÓºÏºÐ®É¨Ó±o§Ö¡C³o¹ï SCSI ºÏºÐ¾÷¯S§O¥¿½T¡C

·í§A¦³¦n´X­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷®É¡A¦b¨C­ÓºÏºÐ¤W³]©w¤@­Ó swap ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦³ §Qªº¡A¬Æ¦Ü³Ì«á¨Ï¥Î¤@¾ã­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷·í¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¡C¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¨C­Ó¨t²Î ¤Wªº§Ö³tºÏºÐ³£À³³]©w¬Y¨Ç swap¡AFreeBSD ¤º©w¤ä´©³Ì¦h¥|­Ó¥æ¿ù¦¡ swap ¸Ë¸m¡C³q±`³]©w¦h­« swap ¤À³Î°Ï®É§A·|·QÅý¥¦­Ì³£¨Ï¥Î¦P¼Ë¤j ¤p¡A¦ý¦³®É§Ú­Ì·|·QÅý¥D­n swap ¤À³Î°Ï(primary swap partition) §ó¤j¤@ÂI¥H®e¯Ç®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡ªº core dump¡C§Aªº primary swap partition ¦Ü¤Ö¥²¶·©M¥D°O¾ÐÅé¤@¼Ë¤j¡A¥H¯à®e¯Ç¤@­Ó kernel core¡C

IDE ºÏºÐ¨Ã¤£¤¹³\¦P®É¦b¦P¤@³q¹D¸Ì¦s¨ú¨â­Ó¸Ë¸m¡]FreeBSD ¤£¤ä´© mode 4¡A¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªº IDE ºÏºÐ I/O ¬O``¥iµ{¦¡¤Æªº''¡^¡CµM¦Ó§Ú¤´ ·|«Øij§A§â¸m´«ªÅ¶¡©ñ¦b¤À§OªººÏºÐ¡CºÏºÐ¾÷³o»ò«K©y¡A¹ê¦b¨S¤°»ò ¦n¾á¤ßªº¡C

¦b NFS ¤W°µ¸m´«¶È¦b¥H¤U±¡§Î³Q«Øij¨Ï¥Î¡G§A¨S¦³¦Û¤vªººÏºÐ¥i ¥H¨Ï¥Î¡CFreeBSD 4.0 ¥H«e release ªºª©¥»¦b NFS ¤W°µ¸m´«¬O¬Û·í ½wºC¦ÓµL®Ä²vªº¡A¦ý¦bµ¥©ó 4.0 ©Î¤§«áªº release ª©¥»´N¦³¦X²zªº ³t«×¤F¡C§Y¨Ï¦p¦¹¡AÁÙ¬O¨ü¨ìºô¸ô¦³®ÄÀW¼e©M¦b NFS server ¤WÃB¥~ ¸Ë¸üªº­­¨î¡C

³o¸Ì¦³­Ó½d¨Ò¬O¥Î 64MB vn-swap (/usr/swap0¡A·íµM§A¯à¥Î ¥ô¦ó§A·Q¥Îªº¦W¦r¡^¡C

½T©w§Aªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡«Ø¥ß®É¦³¥]§t¥H¤U³o¦æ¡G

        pseudo-device   vn 1   #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device)
      

¦b§Aªº³]©wÀɤ¤¡CGENERIC ³o­Ó®Ö¤ß¤w¸g¥]§t³o¶µ¤F¡C

1. «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó vn-device

             cd /dev
             sh ./MAKEDEV vn0
           

   
   
   

2. «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¸m´«ÀÉ (/usr/swap0)

             dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64
           

   
   
   

3. ³]©w¾A·íªº¦s¨úÅv©ó(/usr/swap0)

             chmod 0600 /usr/swap0
           

   
   
   

4. ¦b /etc/rc.conf ¤¤±Ò°Ê¸m´«ÀÉ

             swapfile="/usr/swap0"   # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.
           

   
   
   

5. ­«·s¶}¾÷¡C

­n°¨¤W±Ò°Ê¸m´«ÀÉ¡AÁä¤J¡G

        vnconfig -ce /dev/vn0c /usr/swap0 swap
      

A: ½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¸Ì¦³Ãö¦C¦Lªº³¡¥÷¡C³oÀ³¸Ó¯à¸Ñ¨M§A¤j³¡¤Àªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¬Ý Handbook entry on printing.

A: kbdcontrol µ{¦¡¦³¤@­Ó¿ï¶µ¥i¥HŪ¨úÁä½L°t¸mÀɮסC¦b /usr/share/syscons/keymaps ¦³¤@¨Ç°t¸mÀÉ¡C¿ï¾Ü¤@­Ó¸ò§Aªº ¬ÛÃöªº¨ÃŪ¨ú¥¦¡C

        kbdcontrol -l uk.iso
      

/usr/share/syscons/keymaps ©M .kbd ©µ®i¶°¨â­Ó³£¥Ñ kbdcontrol ©ÒÂ_©w¡C

¥i¥H±q /etc/sysconfig (©Î rc.conf) ¨Ó³]©w¡A½Ð¬Ý¦¹Àɸ̬ÛÃöªºµù¸Ñ¡C

¦b 2.0.5R ¤Î¨ä¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¦³¸ò¤å¦r¦r«¬¡AÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬ÛÃöªº³]©w³£¦b /usr/share/examples/syscons¡C

¥H¤U¬O¥Ø«e¤ä´©ªº¹ïÀ³³]©w¡G

• Belgian ISO-8859-1

• Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850

• Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1

• Danish Codepage 865

• Danish ISO-8859-1

• French ISO-8859-1

• German Codepage 850

• German ISO-8859-1

• Italian ISO-8859-1

• Japanese 106

• Japanese 106x

• Latin American

• Norwegian ISO-8859-1

• Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's)

• Russian Codepage 866 (alternative)

• Russian koi8-r (shift)

• Russian koi8-r

• Spanish ISO-8859-1

• Swedish Codepage 850

• Swedish ISO-8859-1

• Swiss-German ISO-8859-1

• United Kingdom Codepage 850

• United Kingdom ISO-8859-1

• United States of America ISO-8859-1

• United States of America dvorak

• United States of America dvorakx

A:

1. ¤£­n¦b '/' ¥´¶} quotas¡A

2. §â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j­¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G

             FS      QUOTA FILE
             /usr    /usr/admin/quotas
             /home   /home/admin/quotas
             ...
           

   
   
   

A: ³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G

        # ccdconfig -C
        ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format
        #
      

³q±`³o·|µo¥Í¦b§A¹Á¸Õ­n³sµ² `c' ¤À³Î°Ï¡A³o¤º©wªº«¬§O¬O`µLªk¨Ï¥Îªº' ¡Cccd ÅX°Êµ{¦¡»Ý­nªº°ò¦¤À³Î°Ï«¬§O¬° FS_BSDFFS¡A½s¿è§A­n¸ÕµÛ³sµ²ªººÏºÐ ¼Ð°O¨Ã§ó§ï¤À³Î°Ïªº«¬§O¬°`4.2BSD'¡C

A: ³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G

        # disklabel ccd0
        (³o¸Ì¦L¥X¬Y¨Ç©úÅ㪺¸ê®Æ¡A©Ò¥H¸ÕµÛ½s¿è¥¦¡^
        # disklabel -e ccd0
        (½s¿è¡AÀx¦s¡AµM«áÂ÷¶})
        disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk;
        use "disklabel -r" to install initial label
        #
      

³o¬O¦]¬°¥Ñ ccd ¶Ç¦^ªººÏºÐ¼Ð°O¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó`°²ªº'¦Ó¨S¦³¯u¥¿¦bºÏºÐ ¤W¡C§A¥i¥H§â¥¦§¹¥þ¼g¤J¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G

        # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp
        # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp
        # disklabel -e ccd0
        (this will work now)
      

A: ¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-style IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A°T®§¸ò «H¸¹¡C§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦­Ì¡C

        options    SYSVSHM
        options    "SHMMAXPGS=64"   # 256Kb of sharable memory
        options    SYSVSEM          # enable for semaphores
        options    SYSVMSG          # enable for messaging
      

­«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C

ª`·N¡G ¦pªG§A­n°õ¦æ GIMP §A¥i¯à»Ý­n¼W¥[ SHMMAXPKGS ¨ì¬Y¨Ç¯î ÂÕªº¼Æ¥Ø¹³¬O 4096(16M!)¡A256Kb ¹ï X11R6 ¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó»¡¤w¸g¥R¤À¨¬ °÷¤F¡C

A: ¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô ªº¯¸¥x¡C·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmil ªº³]©wÀÉ ®×¡C

¤â°Ê­×§ï /etc/sendmail.cf ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²­nªº¡C²Ä 8 ª©ªº sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ m4 ªº³B²z´N¯à ²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C§AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b¥H ¤UÀɮ׸̨ϥΥ¦¡G

        /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf
      

°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î full sources ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i ¯à¤w¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´X­Ó¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g mount ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G

        cd /usr/src
        tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa
      

§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸U­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b cf ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº README ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò¥»¤¶²Ð¡C

¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«Øij§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î mailertable ¯SÂI¡C «Øºc¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C

­º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº .mc ÀÉ¡C /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨ÇÀɮתº®a¡C ¬d¬Ý¤@¤U¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´X­Ó½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s foo.mc¡A§A­n°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@­Ó¦³®Äªº sendmail.cf ¡G

        cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
        make foo.cf
        cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf
      

¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº .mc Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G

        include(`../m4/cf.m4')
        VERSIONID(`Your version number')
        OSTYPE(bsd4.4)

        FEATURE(nodns)
        FEATURE(nocanonify)
        FEATURE(mailertable)

        define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay)
        define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)

        MAILER(local)
        MAILER(smtp)
        MAILER(uucp)

        Cw    your.alias.host.name
        Cw    youruucpnodename.UUCP
      

nodns ©M nocanonify ¯S©Ê±NÁקK¥ô¦ó¦b»¼°e¶l¥ó ®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡CUUCP_RELAY ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A ´N¤£­n°Ý¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@­Óºô»Úºô¸ô¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì ¦ì§}ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ý­n¦b³o¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB (mail replay)¡C

§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁٻݭn³o­Ó¥s /etc/mailertable ªº ÀɮסC¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº½d¨Ò¦p¤U¡G

        #
        # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable
        #
        horus.interface-business.de   uucp-dom:horus
        .interface-business.de        uucp-dom:if-bus
        interface-business.de         uucp-dom:if-bus
        .heep.sax.de                  smtp8:%1
        horus.UUCP                    uucp-dom:horus
        if-bus.UUCP                   uucp-dom:if-bus
        .                             uucp-dom:sax
      

¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬Y­Ó¯u¹êÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡C­º¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N ªº¯S®í±¡§Î¡A³o¬O¬°¤F``ÁYµu''»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì¥»¦a¤A¤Ó ºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥óÅý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP ¨Ó»¼°e¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A¤¹³\¤@­Ó``uucp-neighbor!recipient''±À½¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@ ­Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í§A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªº UUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b uucp-dom: ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O ¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î uuname ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C

´£¿ô§A³o­ÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b mailertable ³Ì¤W­±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³o­Ó¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ý­n°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡C

³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â -bt ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b address test mode ¡F¥u­n«ö¤U ``0''¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï ¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§} ¡C­nÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C

        j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt
        ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
        Enter <ruleset> <address>
        > 0 foo@interface-business.de
        rewrite: ruleset  0   input: foo @ interface-business . de
        ...
        rewrite: ruleset  0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \
        < @ interface-business . de >
        > ^D
        j@uriah 192%
      

A: ¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ý­n½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©w­È¡C³]¦n §A­n«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C

¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ ppp ³s±µ¨ìºô »Úºô¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@­Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº ISP ºô°ì¬O myISP.com¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¬O user¡C¥ç°² ³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O bsd.home ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î relay.myISP.com ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C

¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ý­n¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C Fetchmail ¬O¤@­Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¦]¬°¥¦¤ä´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±` §Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô ¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥u­n¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup ¸Ì­± ³]©w¥H¤U³o¶µ¡G

        MYADDR:
          !bg su user -c fetchmail
      

°²¨Ï§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î sendmail(¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü)¶Ç°e«H¥ó¨ì«D¥»¦a±b¸¹ ¡A¸m¤J¥H¤U©R¥O¡G

         !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"
      

¦b¤W­±¨º¶µ©R¥O¤§«á¡C³o·|±j­¢ sendmail ¦b³s±µ¤Wºô¸ô«á°¨¤W¶}©l³B ²z mailqueue¡C

§Ú°²³]§A¦b bsd.home ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@­Ó user ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b bsd.home ¾÷¾¹¤W user ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó .fetchmailrc ªºÀɮסG

        poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret;
      

µL¶·Âب¥¡A³o­ÓÀÉ°£¤F user ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t ¤F MySecret ³o­Ó±K½X¡C

¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY from: ¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D sendmail ¨Ï¥Î <user@myISP.com> ¦Ó«D <user@bsd.home>¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D sendmail ±q relay.myISP.com °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C

¥H¤Uªº .mc ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªº­n¨D¡G

        VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
        OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
        FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
        MAILER(local)dnl
        MAILER(smtp)dnl
        Cwlocalhost
        Cwbsd.home
        MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl
        FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
        FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
        FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
        FEATURE(nodns)dnl
        define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com')
        Dmbsd.home
        define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
        define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl
      

¦p¦óÂà´«³o­Ó .mc Àɮרì sendmail.cf Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`½Ð °Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s sendmail.cf ¥H«á¤£­n§Ñ°O­«·s±Ò°Ê sendmail¡C

A: ¤£­nÅå·W¡I¥u­n­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b¬Ý¨ì Boot: ®É¿é¤Jboot -s §Y¥i¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡(¦b 3.2-RELEASE ¤§«eªºª©¥»½Ð§ï¥Î-s )¡C ¦b°Ý­n¨Ï¥Î­þ­Ó shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó # ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J mount -u / ¥H­«·s±¾¤W(mount)§Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ passwd root ¥H§ó´« root ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ exit Ä~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C

A: ¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº syscons(¨t²Î¤º©wªº¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡)¡A§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤºµM«á­«°µ¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡G

    options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT

­Y¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº PCVT ¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A «h¥H¤U¦C¿ï¶µ¥N´À¡G

    options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL

¨ä¥L§ó¦­´Áªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A½Ð­×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A¨Ã±N©Ò¦³ boot ÃöÁä¦r¥H nop ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd¡C§A¥i¯à»Ý­n©ú¥Õªº §h©J /etc/rc.conf ¥hŪ¨ú³o­ÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·í µM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A§AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@­Ó¡C

A: ²³æ¦a¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó perl ©R¥O¡G

perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...

file ´N¬O­n³B²zªºÀɮסC³o­Ó­×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡A­ì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨ °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC

©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î tr ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file

dos-text-file ¬O¥]§t DOS ¤å¦rªºÀɮסA¦Ó unix-text-file «h¬O¥]§t Âà´«ªº¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡C³o¤ñ¨Ï¥Î perl ÁÙ­n§Ö¤W¤@ÂIÂI¡C

A: ¨Ï¥Î killall¡C

A: ³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY­«¦ý¬O¥O¤H ¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤U­Ó°ÝÃD©Ò´y­zªº²¾°£ Kerberos¡C

A: ­n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A­«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»ªº bin distribution¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H mount cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom)¨Ã°õ ¦æ¡G

cd /cdrom/bin
./install.sh

A: ¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹µêÀÀ ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G

1. «Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¨Ã¥B¥[¤J³o¦æ¨ì³]©wÀÉ¡G

          pseudo-device pty 256
        

   
   
   

2. °õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
        

   
   
   

   ·|³y¥X 256 ­ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C

3. ½s¿è /etc/ttys ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256 ­Ó²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦­ÌÀ³ ¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥¦­Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G

          ttyqc none network
        

   
   
   

   ¦r¥À³]­pªº¶¶§Ç¬O tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C

4. ¥Î·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡­«·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C

A: ¥i¥H¥Î³o­Ó©R¥O²£¥Í­µ®Ä¥d©Ò»Ý­nªº snd0 ¸Ë¸m¡G

     # cd /dev
     # sh MAKEDEV snd0

³o­Ó©R¥O¨Ã¤£·|°µ¥X /dev/snd0¡A¦Ó¬O²£¥Í mixer0¡B audio0¡Bdsp0 ¤ÎÃþ¦üªº¸Ë¸m¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A¦pªG±z·Q¨Ï¥Î ­µ®Ä¡A¤´µM­n°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡C

A: ¥ý¶i¤J³æ¤H¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¦^¨ì¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C

¦b¥D±±¥x°õ¦æ¡G

     # shutdown now
     (Note: without -r or -h)

     # return
     # exit

A: "Sandbox" ¬O¨t²Î¦w¥þ¥Îªº³N»y¡A¦³¨â­Ó·N¸q¡G

• ©ñ¦b¬Y¨ÇµêÀÀ¨¾Å@Àð¸Ìªº°õ¦æµ{§Ç¡A³o¨Ç¨¾Å@Àð¬O¥Î¨Óªý¤î¬Y¨Ç¤H«I¤J ³o¹Dµ{§Ç¡A¶i¦Ó¥X¤J©ó§ó¤jªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C

  ³o¹Dµ{§Ç¥i¥H§¹¥þ¦b¨¾Å@Àð¸Ì°Ê§@¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¥¦©Ò°õ¦æªº¥ô¦óµ{¦¡¤£ ¥i¯à·|º¯³z¨ìÀ𪺥~­±¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG±z¹ï¥¦¦³¦w¥þ¤WªºÅU¼{¡A¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¯S§O¥h ºÊÅ¥¥¦ªº¤@Á|¤@°Ê¡A¤Ï¥¿¥¦¥u¯à¦bÀ𤺬¡°Ê¡C

  Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥i¥H¥Î userid ¨Ó°µ³o¹D¨¾Å@Àð¡A³o¥¿¬O security(7) ©M named(8) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¤¤ªº©w¸q¡C

  ²{¦b´N¥Î 'ntalk' ³o­ÓªA°È§@»¡©ú¡]¨£ /etc/inetd.conf¡^¡C³o­ÓªA°È ¥H«eªº userid ¬O root¡A²{¦b°õ¦æ®É«h¬O¥Î tty¡Ctty ³o­Ó userid ´N¬O¤@ ­Ó sandbox¡A¦pªG¦³¤H¯à°÷¶¶§Q¥Î ntalk «I¤J¨t²Î¡A²{¦b¥L´Nºâ¶i±o¨Ó¤]¥u ¯à¥Î tty ³o­Ó userid¡C

• ©ñ¦b¬Y­Ó¼ÒÀÀ¾÷¾¹¸Ìªºµ{¦¡¡A³o¤ñ¤W­z¨Ó±o§óÄY±K¡C°ò¥»¤W³oªí¥Ü¯à«I¤J ¸Óµ{¦¡ªº¤H¬Û«H¥L¯à¦A¶i¤J©ÒÄݪº¾÷¾¹¡A¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W¥u·|¶i¤J¼ÒÀÀ¥X¨Óªº¾÷¾¹¡A µLªk¶i¤@¨B­×§ï¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ¡C

  ¹F¨ì³o­Ó¥Øªº³Ì±`¥Îªº¤èªk¡A´N¬O¦b¬Y­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý¤U°µ¥X¼ÒÀÀªºÀô¹Ò¡AµM«á ¥Î chroot °õ¦æ¸Óµ{¦¡¡A³o¼Ë¸Óµ{¦¡ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý«K¬O³o­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý¡A¦Ó«D¨t²Î¯u ¥¿ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý¡C

  ¥t¤@­Ó±`¨£§@ªk¬O±N¬Y­ÓÀɮרt²Î mount ¦¨°ßŪ¡A¦ý¦b¥¦¤W­±¥t¥~»s³y ¥Xµ{¦¡¥H¬°¥i¥H¼g¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¡C³o­Óµ{¦¡·|¬Û«H¥¦¥i¥H¹ï¨ä¥LÀÉ®×Ū¼g¡A ¦ý¥u¦³¥¦¬Ý¤£¨ì³o­Ó°ßŪ®ÄÀ³ - ¨t²Î°õ¦æªº¤@¯ëµ{¦¡³£¬Ý±o¨ì¡C

  §Ú­Ì¸Õ¹Ï±N³oÃþ sandbox ºÉ¶q³z©ú¤Æ¡AÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Î«I¤JªÌµLªk¬Ý¨ì¥L¬O §_¦b¬Y­Ó sandbox ¸Ì­±¡C

UNIX ¹ê§@¨âºØ sandbox¡A¤@­Ó¦bµ{¦¡¼h­±¡A¥t¤@­Ó«h¬O¥Ñ userid ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C

¨C­Ó UNIX °õ¦æµ{§Ç·|¥Î¨¾¤õÀð±N¥¦©M©Ò¦³¨ä¥Lµ{§Ç¹j¶}¡A¬Y­Óµ{§Ç¤£¥i¥H ÀH·N­×§ï¨ä¥Lµ{§Ç¦ì§}ªº¸ê®Æ¡C³o©M Windows ¤¤¡Aµ{¦¡¥i¥H»´©ö­×§ï¨ä¥L¦ì§} ¸ê®Æªº±¡ªp¡A¤j¤£¬Û¦P¡C

¨C­Ó UNIX µ{§Ç³£ÄÝ©ó¬Y­Ó¯S©wªº userid¡C¦pªG¸Ó userid ¤£¬O root¡A´N ·|±N¥¦©M¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºµ{§Ç¹j¶}¡CUserid ¦P®É¤]¥Î©óµwºÐ¸ê®Æªº¦s¨úÅv¤W¡C

A: ¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀ³¸Ó¤]­n¦³±¾¤W¸Ë¸mªº¥\¯à¡A±µ¤U¨Ó¬O¤èªk¡G

³o¼Ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ´N¥i¥H¦b¥L­Ì¦Û¤vªº¥Ø¿ý¤U±¾¤W /dev/fd0¡G

    % mkdir ~/my-mount-point
    % mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 ~/my-mount-point

¸Ñ°£¤w¸g±¾¤Wªº¸Ë¸m¤]«Ü²³æ¡G

    % umount ~/my-mount-point

µM¦Ó±Ò°Ê vfs.usermount ³o­Ó sysctl °Ñ¼Æ¥i¯à·|¦³­t­±ªº¦w¥þ©Ê¼vÅT¡A ¤@­Ó­n¦s¨ú MSDOS ®æ¦¡´CÅ骺¸û¨Î¤è¦¡½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¥H¤U³o­Ó link¡G mtools ¡C