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Routing tables

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moritz              max              UH          4   127592       lp0

$ ping -c 4 moritz
PING moritz (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms

--- moritz ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms

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            +----------------------------------------+
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            |DATA0  2       15      Data    0/0x01   |
            |-ERROR 15      2               1/0x08   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA1  3       13      Data    0/0x02   |
            |+SLCT  13      3               1/0x10   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA2  4       12      Data    0/0x04   |
            |+PE    12      4               1/0x20   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA3  5       10      Strobe  0/0x08   |
            |-ACK   10      5               1/0x40   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |DATA4  6       11      Data    0/0x10   |
            |BUSY   11      6               1/0x80   |
            +----------------------------------------+
            |GND    18-25   18-25   GND -            |
            +----------------------------------------+
      

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±q®Ä¯àªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý¡A¤£·|¡CFreeBSD 2.X ¤º§t bounce buffers¡A³o¤¹³\ §Aªº bus mastering controller ¦s¨ú¶W¹L 16MB¡C(ª`·N¦pªG§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î ISA ¸Ë¸m³oÀ³¸Ó¬O¥²»Ýªº¡A¾¨ºÞ¤@­Ó©Î¨â­Ó§ó¦­ªº EISA ©M VLB ¸Ë¸m¤] ¥i¯à»Ý­n¥¦)¡C

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³q±`¬O¤£»Ý­n¡CµM¦Ó¡A·|±j¯P«Øij§A¦Ü¤Ö¦w¸Ë ``base'' ³o­Ó source kit¡A³o¥]§t¼Æ­Ó³o¸Ì²³æ´y­z¹LªºÀɮסAÁÙ¦³ ``sys'' (kernel) source kit¡A³o¥]§t®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡ªº sources¡C¨t²Î¸Ì­±¤£»Ý ­n¦³ sources ¤~¯à¾Þ§@¡AµM¦Ó¡A°£¤F kernel-configuration µ{¦¡ config ¥H¥~¡C¯Ê¤Ö®Ö¤ßªº sources¡A§Ú­Ìªº«Ø¿v¬[ºc¬O³]©w ¦¨Åý§A¥i¥H±q§O³B¦p NFS ¨Ó±¾¤W°ß¿Wªº­ì©lµ{¦¡¡A¦]¦¹ÁÙ¬O¥i¥H»s §@·sªº binaries¡C¡]¦]¬° kernel-source ªº­­¨î¡A§Ú­Ì«Øij§A¤£­n ª½±µ§â¥¦±¾¦b /usr/src ¤U¡A³Ì¦n¥Î¨ä¥L¾A¦Xªº²Å¸¹©Ê­« ½Æ³sµ²¨ì source tree ªº¤W¼h¬[ºc¡C¡

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«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¦b FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤¬Oµ´¹ï¥²»Ýªº¤@­Ó¨BÆJ¡C ¦ý·sª© releases ±a¨Ó¤@­Ó§ó¤Íµ½ªº®Ö¤ß³]©w¤u¨ã«ü¥Oªº¦n³B¡C¦b FreeBSD ±Ò°Ê´£¥Ü¸¹(boot:)®É¡A¨Ï¥Î "-c" flag §A´N·|¶i¤J¤@­Ó³] ©w¿Ã¹õ¡A³o¤¹³\§A°µ±`¨£ ISA ¥dªº®Ö¤ß³]©w¡C

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¦pªG§A¦w¸Ë¤F IDE Zip ©Î Jaz ¸Ë¸m¡A²¾°£¥¦¨Ã­«·s¸Õ¤@¹M¡C ±Ò°Ê³nºÐ¤ù¥i¯à·|³Q³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m²V²c¤F¡C·í¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¦n¥H«á§A¥i¥H¦A §â¥¦±µ¦^¨Ó¡C§Æ±æ³o¦b¤§«áªº release ª©¥»¥i¥H³Q­×¥¿¡C

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1. ·í Boot: ´£¥Ü¸¹¥X²{®É¡A¿é¤J¡G 1:wd(2,a)kernel µM«á«ö Enter¡C¦pªG¨t²Î¶}©l¤F¡A´N°õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥O¡G

   echo "1:wd(2,a)kernel" > /boot.config

   Åý¥¦Åܦ¨¤º©wªº boot string¡C
   
   

2. §â FreeBSD ºÏºÐ¾÷²¾¨ì primary IDE controller¡A¦]¦¹µwºÐ¾÷¬O ³sÄòªº¡C

3. Rebuild your kernel, ­×§ï¦³Ãö wd ³]©wªº¦æ¼Æ¡G

   controller      wdc0    at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr
   disk            wd0     at wdc0 drive 0
   # disk            wd1     at wdc0 drive 1 # comment out this line
   
   controller      wdc1    at isa? port "IO_WD2" bio irq 15 vector wdintr
   disk            wd1     at wdc1 drive 0 # change from wd2 to wd1
   disk            wd2     at wdc1 drive 1 # change from wd3 to wd2

   ¦w¸Ë·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¡C ¦pªG§A²¾°Ê§AªººÏºÐ¾÷¡A¨Ã§Æ±æ§â¥ý«eªº³]©w«ì´_¡A¥u­n§âºÏºÐ¥Î¹w´Á ªº³]©w¸m´«¦^¨ÓµM«á­«·s¶}¾÷¡C§Aªº¨t²ÎÀ³¸Ó´N¯à¦¨¥\ªº±Ò°Ê¡C
   
   

¹ï°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó»¡¡A(²z½×¤W)­­¨î¬O 4 gigabytes¡C§ó¦h¸ê°T¥i°Ñ¦Òwcarchive ªº³]©w ¡C ¦pªG±z¹w©w¦b¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¤W¦w¸Ë³o»ò¦h°O¾ÐÅé¡A±z»Ý­n§ó¥[¤p¤ß¡A±z¥i¯à­n¨Ï¥Î ECC °O¾ÐÅé¥H´î¤Ö 9/18 pin °O¾ÐÅé¼Ò²Õ¤§¶¡ªº¬Û®e©Ê°ÝÃD¡C

¹ï ffs filesystems ¦Ó¨¥¡A³Ì¤j²z½×­È­­¨î¦b 8 terabytes(2G blocks )¡A©Î·í¨Ï¥Î¤º©w 8K block ¤j¤p®É¡A­­¨î¬O 16TB¡CÁÙ¦³¡A³nÅé­­¨î¬O 1 terabytes¡A¦ý¦pªG¬O¸g¹L­×§ïªºÀɮרt²Î¤W 4 terabytes ¬O¥i¯à(¨Ã ¥B¦s¦b)ªº¡C

³æ¤@ ffs Àɮתº¤j¤p³Ì¤j¬OÁͪñ 1G blocks(4TB) - °²¦p block ¤j¤p¬O 4K¡C

                           maxfilesize
                ----------------------------------
                2.2.7    3.0
fs block size   -stable  -current  works  should-work
-------------   -------  --------  -----  -----------
4K              4T-1       4T-1    4T-1   4+T
8K              32+G       8T-1    32+G   16T-1
16K             128+G      16T-1   128+G  32T-1
32K             512+G      32T-1   512+G  64T-1
64K             2048+G     64T-1   2048+G 128T-1
     

·í fs block ¤j¤p¬O 4K¡Atriple indirect block ¹B§@¨Ã¥B©Ò¦³ªº¨Æ±¡ ³£À³¸Ó¥Hªí¥Ü¦¨¨Ï¥Î triple indirect block ªº³Ì¤j fs block ¨Ó§@­­ ¨î(ªñ¦ü©ó 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K)¡A¦ý¦b fs block ¼Æ¥Ø¤W«o¦³¤@­Ó(¿ù»~) ªº 1G-1 ­­¨î¡C¹ï fs block ¼Æ¥Øªº­­¨îÀ³¸Ó¬O 2G-1¡C¦b fs block ¼Æ¥Ø±µªñ 2G-1 ®É¦³ÂI¿ù»~¡A¦ý·í fs block ¤j¤p¬O 4K ®É³o­Ó block ¼Æ¥Ø¬O¤£¯à¹F¨ìªº¡C

block ¤j¤p¦pªG¬O 8K ©Î§ó¤j¡Afs block ¼Æ¥ØÀ³¸Ó­­¨î¦b 2G-1¡A¦ý¹ê »Ú fs block ¼Æ¥Ø«o­­¨î¦b 1G-1¡A°£¤F¦b -stable ®É triple indirect blocks ¬OµLªk¹F¨ìªº¡A©Ò¥H³Ì¦h fs block ¼Æ¥Øªº­­¨î¥i¥Hªí¥Ü¦¨¥Î double indirect blocks(ªñ¦ü©ó(blocksize/4)^2 + (blocksize/4)) ¡A¥B¦b -current ¤U¶W¹L³o­Ó­­¨î¥i¯à·|¾É­P°ÝÃD²£¥Í¡C¨Ï¥Î¥¿½Tªº 2G-1 block ­­¨îªº½T·|¾É­P°ÝÃDµo¥Í¡C

§Ú¦Û¤v´N¦b³nºÐ¤ù¤W©ñ¦n´X­Ó :-)¡CÀɮתº³Ì¤j®e¶q¨Æ¹ê¤W¸òºÏºÐ³Ì¤j ªº®e¶q¨Ã¨S¦³±K¤Á¬ÛÃö¡CºÏºÐªº³Ì¤j®e¶q¬O 1TB¡A³o¬O¤@­ÓÀɮפj¤p¥i ¥H¶W¹LºÏºÐ®e¶qªº¤@­Ó¯S¦â¡C

¥H¤U½d¨Ò·|¦b¤@­Ó¨Ï¥Î¾ã­Ó 32K ªÅ¶¡³o¼Ë¤pªº root partition ºÏºÐ ¤W«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¤j¤p¬O 8T-1 ªºÀÉ®×(3 indirect blocks and 1 data block )¡Cdd «ü¥O»Ý­nÅý dd ¯à¦b¤@­Ó¤jÀɮפU°õ¦æ¡C

ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> cat foo
df .
dd if=/dev/zero of=z bs=1 seek=`echo 2^43 - 2 | bc` count=1
ls -l z
du z
df .
ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> sh foo
Filesystem  1024-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a         64479    27702    31619    47%    /
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1 bytes transferred in 0.000187 secs (5346 bytes/sec)
-rw-r--r--  1 bde  bin  8796093022207 Sep  7 16:04 z
32 z
Filesystem  1024-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a         64479    27734    31587    47%    /
ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> exit

Bruce Evans, September 1998

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³o¼Ë·|¹ï®Ä¯à¦³¨Ç¼vÅT¡A¦ý¬O­Y¦Ò¼{¨ì³o­Ó°ÝÃD±a¨Óªº«áªG¡A³o¼Ë°µ¬O­È ±oªº¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃDÁÙ¬O¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A±N sysctl ¨º­Ó­È¨ÌµM³]¬° 1¡AµM«á ¼W¥[ kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤ "NTIMECOUNTER" ³o­Ó¿ï¶µªº¼Æ­È¡C¦pªG±z±N "NTIMECOUNTER" ¼W¥[¨ì 20 ¨ÌµMµLªk¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò±z¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¤¤Â_ ¤w¸g¦h¨ìµLªk«O«ùí©wªºª¬ºA¤F¡C

¥i¥HÁpµ¸ Apps2go ¨ú±o FreeBSD ELF ª©¥»ªº Motif 2.1 ®M¥ó¡C

³o­Ó®M¥ó¸Ì¦³¡G

• OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.

• Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake files.

• Static and dynamic ELF libraries¡]µ¹ FreeBSD 3.0 ¤Î¥H«áª©¥» ¨Ï¥Î¡^

• Demonstration applets.

¦]¬° Apps2go ¤]¦³´£¨Ñ NetBSD ©M OpenBSD ªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¥H¦b­qÁÊ ®É½Ð¯S§O«ü©w¬O­n FreeBSD ª©¥»ªº Motif¡I¥L­Ì¥Ø«e¥u´£¨Ñ¥H FTP ªº¤è¦¡¨ú±o ³o¥÷®M¥ó¡C

¤]¥i¥HÁpµ¸ Metro Link ¨ú±oµ¹ FreeBSD ELF ©Î a.out ª©¥»ªº Motif 2.1 ®M¥ó¡C

³o¥÷®M¥ó¥]¬A¡G

• OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.

• Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake files.

• Static and dynamic libraries¡]FreeBSD 3.0 ¤Î¤§«áª©¥»¬O¥Î ELF¡FFreeBSD 2.2.8 ¤Î¤§«eªº¬O¥Î a.out¡^

• Demonstration applets.

• Preformatted man pages.

¥Ñ©ó Metro Link ¤]¦³´£¨Ñ Linux ªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¥H­qÁʮɭn¯S§O«ü ©ú¬O FreeBSD ª©¥»ªº Motif¡I¥i¥H¥Ñ¥úºÐ©Î±q FTP ¨Ó¨ú±o³o­Ó®M¥ó¡C

Ápµ¸ Xi Graphics¡A¥L­Ì´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­Óµ¹ FreeBSD ¥Îªº a.out ®æ¦¡ªº Motif 2.0 ®M¥ó¡C

¦b³o®M¥ó¤¤¥]¬A¤F¡G

• OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm.

• Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake files.

• Static and dynamic libraries¡]µ¹ FreeBSD 2.2.8 ©M§ó¦­ª©¥»¥Îªº¡^

• Demonstration applets.

• Preformatted man pages.

¦b§A¸ò¥L­Ì­qÁÊ Motif ®É¡A½Ð¤@©wµù©ú§A­nªº¬O FreeBSD ªºª©¥»¡I ¦]¬° Xi Graphics ¤]¦P®É´£¨Ñ¤F BSDI ¸ò Linux ª©¥»ªº Motif¡C ¥Ø«eµo¦æªºª©¥»¬O©ñ¦b¥|¶ôºÏ¤ù¤¤¡A±N¨Ó¥L­Ì·|±N©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è³£©ñ¨ì¥úºÐ¸Ì¡A ´N¹³¥L­Ì©Òµo¦æªº CDE ¤@¼Ë¡C

Xi Graphics ¥H«e¦³½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº CDE¡A¤£¹L²{¦b¤w¸g °±¤îµo°â¤F¡C

KDE ¬O¥t¤@­Ó­ì©l½X¤½¶}ªº X11 ®à­±µ{¦¡¡A¦³«Ü¦h¦a¤è©M CDE ¬Û·íÃþ¦ü¡C

¦³¡AXi Graphics ©M Metro Link ³£¦³´£¨Ñµ¹ FreeBSD¡]©Î¨ä¥L Intel ¥­¥x¤W¡^¥Îªº X µøµ¡¥[³t²£«~¡C

Metro Link ´£¨Ñªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server ¨Ï¥Î¤F FreeBSD ¤ºªº package ¾ã®M¤u ¨ã¡A¦]¦¹³]©w¤Q¤À®e©ö¡A¤ä´©¥Ø«e¥«­±¤W¦U¤j¼tµPªºÅã¥Ü¥d¡C¥u¦³ binary ÀɮסA ¥i¥H±q FTP ¯¸¬Û·í¤è«K¦aª½±µ¤U¸ü¡A§ó¤£¥Î»¡ Metro Link ³o®M²£«~ªº»ù®æ¬O «D±`¦X²zªº $39¡C

Metro Link ¤]¦³´£¨Ñ FreeBSD ¤Wªº ELF ©M a.out Motif¡]©¹¤W­±¬Ý¬Ý¡^¡C

Xi Graphics ©Ò´£¨Ñªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server ¦³«D±`²³æªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡A¨Ã¥B¤ä´© ¤F¥Ø«e¥«­±¤W·í¬õªº¦U¤j¼tµPªºÅã¥Ü¥d¡C¥¦¥uµ¹§A Binary ÀɮסA¬O¥ÎºÏ¤ùªº¤è ¦¡µo¦æ¡AFreeBSD ¸ò Linux ª©¥»³£¬Û¦P¡CXi Graphics ¦P®É¤]´£¨Ñ¤F±Mªùµ¹ laptop ¥Îªº°ª®Ä¯à X Server¡C

5.0 ª©¦³´£¨Ñ§K¶Oªº "compatibility demo" ª©¥»¡A§A¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ªº­ì ¼t¥|¤ù¥úºÐ¤¤§ä¨ì¡A·íµM§A¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ¦bºô¸ô¤W¨ú±o¡C

Xi Graphics ¤]¦³¦b½æ FreeBSD ¥Îªº Motif ¸ò CDE¡]©¹¤W­±¬Ý¬Ý¡^¡C

¦³! ½Ð¬Ý FreeBSD ºô¯¸¤W°Ó·~³nÅ餽¥q³o¤@³¡¥÷¡C

ÁÙ¦³½Ð°Ñ¦Ò ports ¤¤ Databases ¬ÛÃöªº¦¬¶°¡C

¥i¥H¡A¤U­±³o­Óºô­¶·|»¡©ú¦p¦ó¦b FreeBSD ¤W°õ¦æ Linux ª©ªº Oracle¡G

• http://www.scc.nl/~marcel/howto-oracle.html

• http://www.lf.net/lf/pi/oracle/install-linux-oracle-on-freebsd

½Ð¬Ý¬Ý ports ¥Ø¿ý §a¡C ³oÃ䦳¥÷¤w¸g port ¨ì FreeBSD ªº³nÅé¦Cªí¡C¥Ø«e¦³¶W¹L 1800 ­Ó³nÅé¤w¸g³Q port ¨ì FreeBSD ¤W¡A¨Ã¥B¨C¤Ñ³£¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡C©Ò¥H¦³ªÅ´N¦h¬Ý¬Ý³o¥÷¦Cªí¡A ¤£µM§A¤]¥i¥H­q¾\ freebsd-announce ³o¥÷ mailing list¡A·|¦³¤H±N ¨C­Ó¬P´Á³Ì·sªº³nÅé¦Cªí¶K¦b¤W­±¡C

¤j³¡¥÷ªº ports À³¸Ó³£¥i¥H¦b 2.2¡A3.0 ¸ò 4.0 ªº¨t²Î¤W¨Ï¥Î¡A ¨Ã¥BÁÙ¦³³¡¥÷ªº ports ¥i¥H¦b 2.1.x ªº¨t²Î¤W¹B§@¡C ¨C¦¸·í FreeBSD release ®É¡A³£·|¦³¤@¥÷ ports tree ³Q©ñ¦b³o¤@­Ó release cd ¸Ì­±ªº ports/ ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¡C

§Ú­Ì¤]¤ä´©¤@ºØ¥s ``package'' ªº·§©À¡A°ò¥»¤W´N¬O gzip À£ÁY¡B¥i¥Î ¨Óµo¦æªº binary ÀɮסA¦ý¬O¸Ì­±ÂäF¤@¨Ç¬Û·í¦³¥Îªº¸ê°T¡A¥i¥Hµ¹¦UºØ¦Û ­q¦w¸Ë¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡C¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£¥²ª¾¹D¬Y­Ó package ¸Ì¨s³º¦³¥]¬A­þ¨ÇÀɮסA´N¥i ¥H«Ü¤è«K¦a­«½Æ±N¥¦¦w¸Ë/¤Ï¦w¸Ë¡C

§A¥i¥H°õ¦æ /stand/sysinstall «á¡A¦b post-configuration ¿ï³æ¤U¿ï¾Ü package ³o­Ó¦w¸Ë¿ï¶µ¡F©Î¬O¹ï¬Y­Ó¦³¿³½ìªº package ÀÉ®×°õ ¦æ pkg_add(1)¡A§â¥¦¸Ë°_¨Ó¡CPackage Àɮ׳q±`¥H .tgz §@¬°©µ¦ùÀɦW¡A¤â¤W¦³ FreeBSD CDROM ªº¤H¥i¥H¦b packages/All ³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¤U§ä¨ì³oÃþÀɮסC¹ï¤£¦Pªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A¤]¥i¥H±q¤U¦C¦ì§}¥Ñºô ¸ô¤W¨ú±o¡G

©Î¬OÂ÷§A³Ìªñªº mirror ¯¸¡C

­nª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦]¬°·sªº port ¤@ª½¦b¼W¥[¤¤¡A©Ò¥H¨Ã¤£¬O©Ò¦³ port ³£ ¦³¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº package¡C³Ì¦n©w®ÉÀˬd ftp.FreeBSD.org¡A ¬Ý¬Ý¦³­þ¨Ç package ¥i¥H¥Î¡C

§A¥i¯à¦b¤@¥x 2.1.x ªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡A¶]µÛµ¹ 2.2/3.x/4.0 ªº³nÅé¡C ½Ð¦A©¹¤W­±¤@­Ó³¹¸`¬Ý¡A¥¿½Tªº¨ú±oµ¹§A¾÷¾¹¥Îªº port/package¡C

§A¨S¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâ¾¹¡A¹ï§a¡H §A¥²¶·¦b§Aªº kernel ¤¤¥[¤J¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¾¹¡A§A¥i¥H¸òµÛ¤U­±ªº¨BÆJ°µ¡A ¨Ã¦b§ó§ï¹L§Aªº kernel ³]©wÀÉ«á¡A­«·s½sĶ¹L¤@¦¸¡C

        options GPL_MATH_EMULATE
      

NOTE ·í§A¥[¤J¤W¤@¦æªº¦P®É¡A§A¥²¶·±N MATH_EMULATE ²¾°£±¼¡C

§A¥²¶·¥ý­×§ï /etc/sysconfig (or /etc/rc.conf) ³oÀɮ׳̫á¤@­Ó³¹¸`¡A±N¤U­±©ÒÁ¿¨ìªºÅÜ¼Æ ³]¦¨ YES:

        # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup
        ibcs2=NO
      

³o·|¦b¶}¾÷®É±N ibcs2 ³o¤@­Ó kernel ¼Ò²Õ¸ü¤J¡C

§AÁÙ­n±N§Aªº /compat/ibcs2/dev §ï¦¨¤U­±³o¼Ë¡G

lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys
-rw-rw-r--  1 root  wheel         0 Oct 28 12:02 null
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel         9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null
crw-rw-rw-  1 root  wheel   41,   1 Oct 15 22:14 spx
      

§A¥u»Ý­n±N socksys Âà¦V¨ì /dev/null ¥hÄF¹L open & close ªº°Ê§@¡C¦b -current ¸Ì­±ªº ibcs2 ¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½X±N·|³B ²z¨ä¾lªº³¡¥÷¡A³oºØ§@ªk¤ñ¥H«eªº¤è¦¡°®²b¤Ó¦h¤F¡C °²¦p§A·Q­n¨Ï¥Î spx ¤è­±ªºµ{¦¡¡A¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɸ̭±¥[¤W SPX_HACK¡C

¦b§A¨Ï¥Î package ©ÎªÌ¬O port ¦w¸Ë§¹ inn ¤§«á¡A Dave Barr's INN Page ¬O­Ó«D±`¦nªº¶}©l¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¨ºÃä§ä¨ì INN ªº FAQ¡C

Use the Port, Luke¡I¦b ports tree ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó¥]§t FrontPage ªº Apache ª©¥»¤F¡C

¦³¡A½Ð¬Ý http://www.FreeBSD.org/java.

¦pªG±z§Æ±æ¦b 3.1-R ¤§«áªº ELF ¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ¹³ Netscape Navagator µ¥ ªº aout µ{¦¡¡A¥¦·|»Ý­n /usr/libexec/ld.so ©M aout library¡C³o¨Ç³£¥] ¬A¦b compat22 ®M¥ó¤¤¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î /stand/sysinstall ©Î compat22 ¤l¥Ø¿ý ¤Uªº install.sh ¸Ë°_¨Ó¡C

¦P®É¤]½Ð±z¬Ý¤@¤U 3.1-R ©M 3.2-R ªº ERRATA¡C

¤£·|¡I½Ð¬d¾\ ¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤ªº®Ö¤ß³]©w¤@¸`¡C

ª`·N¡G§Ú·|«Øij§A¦b§AÅý®Ö¤ß¯à¥¿±`¤u§@«á¡A°µ¤@­Ó kernel.YYMMDD¤é´Á§Î¦¡ªº³Æ¥÷¡A³o¼Ë¤U¦¸¦pªG§A«Ü¤£©¯ªºª±Ãa ¤F³]©w¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥i¥H¤£»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î³Ì­ì©lªºkernel.GENERIC¡C°²¦p§A ¥¿±q¤@­Ó¨S¦³¦b GENERIC kernel ¸Ì­±¤ä´©ªº±±¨î¾¹¸Ì±Ò°Ê¡A³oÅã±o¯S §O­«­n(¨S¿ù¡A³o¬Oµ§ªÌªº¸gÅç)¡C

Åý§Ú²q¬Ý¬Ý¡A§A§â npx0 ±q§A ªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɲ¾°£¤F¡A¦]¬°§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A¹ï¶Ü¡H¿ù¤F¡I:-) ³o­Ó npx0¬O¥²¶·­n¦³ªº¡C´Nºâ§A¨S¦³¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¾¹¡A§A¤´¥²¶· ¤Þ¤Jnpx0¸Ë¸m¡C

Q. ·í§Ú½sĶ¤@­Ó multi-port serial code ªº®Ö¤ß®É¡A¥¦§i¶D§Ú ¥u¦³²Ä¤@­Ó³Q°»´ú¨ì¡A¨ä¥Lªº«h¦]¤¤Â_½Ä¬ð¦Ó¸õ¹L¤F¡A§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò­×¥¿¥¦¡H

A. ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬O¦]¬° FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¤º«Øµ{¦¡½XÁקK¦]¬°µwÅé©Î³nÅé ½Ä¬ð¾É­P®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¹L©óªÎ¤j©ÎµL¥Î¡C­n­×¥¿³oºØ±¡§Îªº¤èªk¬O°£¤F¤@­Ó port ¥~§â¨ä¥L©Ò¦³ªº IRQ ³]©w³£°µ«O¯d¡C³o¸Ì¦³¤@­Ó½d¨Ò¡G

        #
        # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS
        #
        device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr
        device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
        device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
        device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
      

§A»Ý­n¦b generic config Àɤ¤§â¥H¤U³o¦æªºµù¸Ñ¨ú®ø(©Î¬O§â¥¦¥[¨ì§Aªº ³]©wÀÉ)¡A¦b fdc ³o¦æ¥[¤J``flags 0x1''µM«á­«·s½sĶ®Ö¤ß¡C

controller  fdc0  at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr
disk        fd0   at fdc0 drive 0                       ^^^^^^^^^
disk        fd1   at fdc0 drive 1
#tape       ft0   at fdc0 drive 2
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      

±µµÛ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b/dev°õ¦æ¥H¤U©R¥O¡A«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¥s /dev/ft0 ªº¸Ë¸m¡G

        sh ./MAKEDEV ft0
      

¬Oµ¹²Ä¤@­Ó¸Ë¸m¨Ï¥Î¡C¦P²zft1 ¬O²Ä¤G­Ó¡A¥H¦¹Ãþ±À¡C

§A±N·|¦³­Ó¥s/dev/ft0ªº¸Ë¸m¡A¥i¥H³z¹L¤@­Ó¯S®íªºµ{¦¡¥s ``ft''ªº¨ÓºÞ²z¥¦ - ½Ð¬Ý ft ªº man page ¦³§ó¶i¤@¨B»¡©ú¡C

ª©¥»¤ñ-current¦­ªº¨t²Î¦b³B²zÃaªººÏ±a´CÅé®É¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A¦pªG§A ªºftºÏÀY¦³¤@ª½¦b¦P¤@­Ó¦a¤è¨Ó¦^²¾°Êªº°ÝÃD¡A¹Á¸Õ±q-current ¸Ìªº/usr/src/sbin/ft§ä¥X³Ì·sª©ªºft ¨Ã¥B¸Õ¬Ý¬Ý¡C

±q 2.0.5R ¨ì 2.2.1R¡A¥D­nªº³]©wÀɬO /etc/sysconfig¡C ©Ò¦³ªº¿ï¶µ³£³Q«ü©w¦b³o­ÓÀÉ¡A¦Ó¨ä¥L¹³ /etc/rc ©M /etc/netstart ¥u¬O¤Þ¥Î¥¦¡C

Æ[¹î /etc/sysconfig ³o­ÓÀɨíץ¿¨ä­È¥H¾A¦X§Aªº¨t²Î¡C ³o­ÓÀɥεù¸Ñ¶ñº¡¥Hªí¥Ü¦ó³B¸Ó©ñ¸m¤°»ò³]©w¡C

¦b 2.2.1 ¥H«á¤Î 3.0 ¡A/etc/sysconfig §ó¦W¬°¤@­Ó§ó®e ©ö´y­zªºÀɦW¥s rc.conf ¡A¨Ã¥B»yªk²¤Æ¤F¨Ç¡C/etc/netstart ¥ç§ó¦W¬° /etc/rc.network ¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׳£¥i¥H¥Î cp /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc ¨Ó«þ¨©¡C

/etc/rc.local ¥X²{¨Ã¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó±Ò°ÊÃB¥~ªº¥»¦aªA°È¹³¬O INN ©Î¬Y¨Ç¦Û­q¿ï¶µ¡C

/etc/rc.serial ¥Î¨Óªì©l¤Æ§Ç¦C°ð(¹³¬OÂê©w°ðªº¯S©Êµ¥¡^¡C

/etc/rc.i386 ¬O Intel ±M¥Î³]©w¡A¹³¬O iBCS2 ¼ÒÀÀ©Î¬O PC ¨t²Î¥D±±¥x³]©w¡C

¥Ñ 2.1.0R ¶}©l¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¦b /etc/sysconfig (©Î /etc/rc.conf) ¸Ì«ü©w¤@­Ó¥Ø¿ý¾Ö¦³"¥»¦a"°_©lÀÉ¡G

        # Location of local startup files.
        local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d
      

¨C­Ó¥H .sh µ²§ÀªºÀɱN¥H¦r¥À¶¶§Ç³Q°õ¦æ¡C

°²¦p§A·Q½T«O¬Y­Ó°õ¦æ¶¶§Ç¤S¤£·Q§ï©Ò¦³ªºÀɦW¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó²³æ ªº¬[ºc¦p¤U¡A§Q¥Î¨Æ¥ý¦w±Æ¨ì¨C­ÓÀɦW«eªº¼Æ¦r¨Ó½T«O¶¶§Ç¡G

        10news.sh
        15httpd.sh
        20ssh.sh
      

³o¥i¯à¬Ý°_¨Ó¦³ÂIÁà(©ÎÃþ¦ü SysV :-)) ¦ý¬O¥¦´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó²³æ¦Ó³W«ßªº ¬[ºcÅý¥»¦a¥[¤Jªº®M¥ó¤£¶·½s¿è /etc/rc.local ´N¯à­«·s±Æ §Ç¡C³\¦hªº ports/packages °²³] /usr/local/etc/rc.d ¬O ¥»¦a°_©lªº¥Ø¿ý¡C

¨Ï¥Î adduser «ü¥O¡C¦pªG»Ý­n§ó½ÆÂøªº¨Ï¥Î¤è¦¡¡A½Ð¥Î pw ³o­Ó«ü¥O¡C

­n¦A¦¸²¾°£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨Ï¥Î rmuser «ü¥O¡C

¹î¬Ý www.FreeBSD.org ªººÏºÐ®æ¦¡¤Æ«ü¾É¤å¥ó¡C

¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸mµL½×¬O ZIP ©Î EZ(©Î¬Æ¦Ü¬O³nºÐ¾÷¡A¦pªG§A­n³o¼Ë¨Ï¥Î ¥¦)¡A©Î¬O¤@­Ó·sªºµwºÐ¡A¥u­n¬O¦w¸Ë¨Ã¥Ñ¨t²Î­«²Õ¡A¦Ó§A¦³ºÏ¤ù§X /³nºÐ¤ù/©Î¨ä¥LªF¦è¥i¥H´¡¤J¡A¨º³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m³£¬OÃþ¦ü¥\¯àªºªF¦è¡C

(¥»¸`¥D­n¥Ñ Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ ¤Þ¤J)

°²¦p¬O ZIP ©Î³nºÐ¾÷¡A§A¤w¸g¦b¤W­±¦³ DOS Àɮרt²Î¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î ¹³³o¼Ëªº©R¥O¡G

        mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy
      

³o¬O°w¹ï³nºÐ¾÷¡A©Î¬O¥H¤U©R¥O¡G

        mount -t msdos /dev/da2s4 /zip
      

¨Ï¥Î ZIP ªº¥X¼t¹w³]­È¡C

¨ä¥LºÏ¤ù¡A¥Î fdisk ©Î /stand/sysinstall ¹î¬Ý ¦p¦ó°t¸m¡C

±µ¤U¨Ó³o­Ó½d¨Ò¬O ZIP ¸Ë¦b da2¡A¦b²Ä¤T­Ó SCSI ºÏºÐ¡C

°£«D¬O³nºÐ¾÷¡A©Î¤@­Ó§A­pµe¸ò¨ä¥L¤H¤À¨É¨Ï¥Îªº¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸m¡A¦b ¦w¸Ë BSD Àɮרt²Î¥i¯à¬O¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û¦nªº¥D·N¡C§A±N¾Ö¦³ªøÀɦW¤ä´© ¡A¦Ü¤Ö¨â­¿¥H¤Wªº®Ä²v¼W¶i¡AÁÙ¦³§ó°ªªºÃ­©w«×¡C­º¥ý¡A§A»Ý­n­«·s »s§@ DOS ¼hªº¤À³Î°Ï/Àɮרt²Î¡C§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î fdisk ©Î /stand/sysinstall¡A©Î¹ï¤@­Ó§A¤£·Q¤ä´©¦h­«§@·~¨t²Îªº ¤pºÏºÐ¡A¥u­n§â¥¦¹º¤À¦¨¾ã­Ó FAT ¤À³Îªí(slices)¨Ã¥Î¥H¤U BSD ¤À ³Îªk¡G

        dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda2 count=2
        disklabel -Brw da2 auto
      

§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î disklabel ©Î /stand/sysinstall ¥h«Ø¥ß¦h­« BSD ¤À³Î°Ï¡CµLºÃªº¦pªG§A¥¿¦bµwºÐ¾÷¤W¼W¥[¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap space)®É §A´N»Ý­n³o»ò°µ¡A¦ý¬O¦b¥i²¾°£¸Ë¸m¦p ZIP ¤W¥i¯à´N¬OµL·N¸qªº¡C

³Ì«á¡A«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó·sªºÀɮרt²Î¡A¤]´N¬O¦b ZIP ¸Ë¸m¤W¬O¨Ï¥Î¾ã­ÓºÏºÐ¡G

        newfs /dev/rda2c
      

¨Ã¥B§â¥¦ mount °_¨Ó¡G

        mount /dev/da2c /zip
      

¦b /etc/fstab ¥[¤J¤U­±³o¤@¦æ¥i¯à¬O¤@­Ó¦n¥D·N¡A§A¥H«á´N¥u ­n¥´"mount /zip" :

        /dev/da2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0
      

¦¸­n DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦b©Ò¦³¥D­n¤À³Î°Ï¤§«á³Q§ä¨ì¡AÁ|¨Ò¡A¦pªG§A¦³¤@­Ó "E" ¤À³Î°Ï¦b²Ä¤G­Ó SCSI ¸Ë¸mªº²Ä¤G­Ó DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡A§A»Ý­n¦b /dev ¤U «Ø¥ß "slice 5" ªº¯S®íÀɮסAµM«á mount /dev/da1s5¡G

        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV sd1s5
        # mount -t msdos /dev/da1s5 /dos/e
      

Digital UNIX UFS ¥úºÐ¾÷¥i¥H¦b FreeBSD ¤Wª½±µ mount¡C±q Digital UNIX ©M¨ä¥L¤ä´© UFS ®æ¦¡ªº¨t²Î mount ºÏºÐ¤À³Î°Ï¥i¯à§ó ½ÆÂø¡A¥D­n²Ó¸`¬O¨Ì¿à§@·~¨t²ÎªººÏºÐ¤À³Îªk¡C

Linux: 2.2 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¤ä´© ext2fs ¤À³Î°Ï¡A½Ð¬d¾\ mount_ext2fs ¦³§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C

NT: ¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó FreeBSD ¤U¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îªº°ßŪ NTFS ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ ¦s¦b¡A§ó¦h¸ê°T§A¥i¥H¹î¬Ý Mark Ovens ¦b http://ukug.uk.freebsd.org/~mark/ntfs_install.html ªº«ü¾É¤¶²Ð¡C

¦pªG±z¯à´£¨Ñ¥ô¦ó³o­Ó¥DÃDªº¨ä¥L¸ê°T¡A§Ú­Ì·|«Ü·P¿E¡C

¥H¤U©Ò´y­zªºµ{§Ç¦b 2.2.x ©M 3.x(¨Ï¥Î 3-stage ¶}¾÷¼Ò¦¡)¨t²Î¤§¶¡¦³¬Û·í¤jªº¤£¦P¡C

³Ì´¶¹Mªº·Qªk¬O§â§A­ì¥» FreeBSD root ¤À³Î°Ïªº²Ä¤@­ÓºÏ°Ï«þ¨©¨ì DOS/NT ¤À³Î°Ï¸Ìªº¤@­ÓÀɮפº¡C°²³]§A©R¦W¥¦¬°¡G c:\bootsect.bsd (¥Ñ c:\bootsect.dos ±Â·N¦Ó¨Ó)¡A±µµÛ§A¥i¥H½s¿è c:\boot.ini Àɮפº®e¦p¤U¡G

        [boot loader]
        timeout=30

        default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
        [operating systems]
        multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT"
        C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD"
        C:\="DOS"
      

¹ï 2.2.x ª©¥»ªº¨t²Î¨Ó»¡¡A¦¹µ{§Ç°²³] DOS¡ANT¡AFreeBSD¡A©Î¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¤w¸g³Q¦w¸Ë¦b <¦P¤@­Ó> ºÏºÐªº¦U¦Û¤À³Î°Ï¡C¥»¨Ò¤¤§Úªº DOS & NT ¬O¦b²Ä¤@ ­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¦Ó FreeBSD ¦b²Ä¤G­Ó¡C§Ú¤]§â FreeBSD ¦w¸Ë¦¨¥Ñ native partition ±Ò°Ê¡A¦Ó¤£¬O ±qºÏºÐªº MBR¡C

Mount ¤@­Ó DOS ®æ¦¡¤Æªº³nºÐ¡]°²¦p§A¤w¸gÂà´«¨ì NTFS¡^©Î FAT ¤À ³Î°Ï¨ì /mnt¡G

        dd if=/dev/rda0a of=/mnt/bootsect.bsd bs=512 count=1
      

­«·s¶}¾÷¶i¤J DOS ©Î NT¡CNTFS ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ§â bootsect.bsd ¥H¤Î/©Î bootsect.lnx ±q³nºÐ«þ¨©¨ì C:\¡C­×§ï boot.ini ªºÄÝ©Ê(¦s¨ú³\¥i)¡G

        attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini
      

½s¿è¨Ã±q¤W­z boot.ini ªº½d¨Ò¥[¤J¬ÛÃö¾A·íªº¶µ¥Ø¡A¦A§âÄݩʦ^´_ ¡G

        attrib +r +s c:\boot.ini
      

¦pªG FreeBSD ¬O¥Ñ MBR ±Ò°Ê¡A¦b§A­«·s³]©w±q­þ­Ó native ¤À³Î°Ï±Ò°Ê«á ¡A¥Î DOS ªº ``fdisk'' ©R¥O¦^´_¥¦¡C

¹ï FreeBSD 3.x ª©¥»ªº¨t²Î¦Ó¨¥¨BÆJ´N²³æ¦h¤F¡C

°²¦p FreeBSD ¬O¸ò NT ±Ò°Ê°Ï¦w¸Ë¦b¦P¤@­Ó¤À³Î°Ï¡A±N /boot/boot1 «þ¨©¦¨ c:\bootsect.bsd ¡A­Y FreeBSD ¸ò NT ±Ò°Ê°Ï¦w¸Ë¦b¤£¦P¤À³Î°Ï¡A«h±N /boot/boot0 «þ¨©¦¨ c:\bootsect.bsd ¡CµM«á°Ñ·Ó«e ­±´y­z­×§ï c:\bootsect.ini ³o­ÓÀɮסC

¦pªG§A¦b¦P¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷¸Ì¦³ FreeBSD ©M Linux¡A¥u­n¸òÀH LILO ªº¦w ¸Ë«ü¥O¡A±q¤@­Ó«D Linux §@·~¨t²Î±Ò°Ê¡C²²¤»¡©ú¦p¤U¡G

±Ò°Ê Linux¡A¨Ã¦b /etc/lilo.conf ¤¤¥[¤J¥H¤U´X¦æ¡G

          other=/dev/hda2
              table=/dev/hda
              label=FreeBSD
         

°²¦p FreeBSD ¦b¥t¥~¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¡A§A¥²¶·¦b LILO ¿ï¶µ¤¤¥[¤J ``loader=/boot/chain.b''¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G

          other=/dev/dab4
              table=/dev/dab
              loader=/boot/chain.b
              label=FreeBSD
         

¬Y¨Ç±¡§Î§A¥²¶·«ü©w BIOS ºÏºÐ¥N¸¹µ¹ FreeBSD boot loader ¥H´Á±q²Ä ¤GºÏºÐ¦¨¥\ªº±Ò°Ê¡CÁ|¨Ò¡A°²¦p FreeBSD SCSI ºÏºÐ¦b BIOS ¤¤°»´ú ¬O BIOS disk 1¡A¨º¦b FreeBSD boot loader ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¥X²{®É§A¥²¶·«ü ©w¡G

      Boot: 1:da(0,a)/kernel
      

¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ©M¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A§A¥i¥H³]©w boot(8) ³o¼Ë¨C¦¸±Ò°Ê®É´N·|¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ¡C

Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO ¬O FreeBSD ©M Linux ¦@¥Î¾Þ§@ªº¨}¦n °Ñ¦Ò¤å¥ó¡C

¦b Linux ±Ò°Ê¤À³Î°Ï¦w¸Ë LILO ¨ú¥N¥D­n±Ò°Ê¸ê®Æ(Master Boot Record)¡C±µµÛ§A¥i¥H±q BootEasy ±Ò°Ê LILO¡C

°²¦p§A¥¿¦b¥Î Windows-95 ©M Linux¡A³o¦³¤@­Ó«Øij¤èªk¡G­n§ó²³æ ªº±q Linux ¦A¦¸±Ò°Ê¦b©ó§A¬O§_À³¸Ó­«·s¦w¸Ë Windows95¡]³o¬O¤@­Ó µ½§ªªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¥¦À£­¢¤£Åý¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¦s¦b©ó Master Boot Record ¤º¡^¡C

¦w¸Ëµ{§Ç¤¹³\§A¿ï¾Ü¨âºØ¤£¦Pªº¤èªk¨Ó¤À³Î§Aªº ºÏºÐ¾÷¡C¤º©w¤èªk¬°¤F¦b¦P¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¤W©M¨ä¥L§@·~¨t²Î¥i¥H¬Û®e¡A©ó¬O ¨Ï¥Î fdisk table entries(FreeBSD ¸ÌºÙ¤§¬°``slices'')¡AFreeBSD ªº slice ´N¬O¨Ï¥Î¾ã­Ó¦Û¤vªº¤À³Î°Ï¡C¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Üªº¬O¡A§A¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¦w¸Ë ±Ò°Ê¿ï¾Ü¾¹(boot-selector) ¦bºÏºÐ¾÷¼Æ­Ó¥i¯àªº§@·~¨t²Î¤W¨Ó¦^¤Á´«¡C

¥t¥~¤@­Ó¥i¿ï¾Üªº¥Îªk¬O§â¾ã­ÓºÏºÐ¼·µ¹ FreeBSD ¨Ï¥Î¡A¨Ã¥B¤£°µ¨ä¥L §@·~¨t²Îªº¬Û®e©Ê¦Ò¶q¡C

¦]¦¹¬°¦ó¥s¥¦``¦MÀIªº''¡S¤@­Ó³B©ó³oºØ¼Ò¦¡ªººÏºÐ¾÷¤£¥]§t¯à³Q¥¿ ±` PC ¤½¥Îµ{¦¡µø¬°¦³®Äªº fdisk table¡C¨Ì´`¥¦­Ì³Q³]­pªº¼Ò¦¡¡A¥u ­n¥¦­Ì¦b³o¼Ë¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷¤¤¤@¥¹³QIJ¤Î¥i¯à´N·|²£¥Í¿ù»~ªº´£¥Ü¡A©Î§ó ÁV¿|ªº¡A¥i¯à¥¼¸g´£¥Ü©Î³qª¾§A´N§â FreeBSD bootstrap §ËÃa¡C¥t¥~ ¡A``¦MÀI©^Äm''ªººÏºÐ layout ·|»~¾É³\¦h¼tµPªº BIOSsen(BIOS °»´ú) ¹³¬OAWARD(¤ñ¦p»¡¦b HP Netserver ©M Micronics µ¥¥H¤Î¨ä¥L³\¦h¨t ²Î)¡A©M Symbios/NCR(¦p¦b SCSI controllers ¤¤«Ü¬y¦æªº 53C8xx ¨t¦C)¡C³o¨Ã«D¤@­Ó§¹¾ãªº¦Cªí¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦h¥¼¦C¥X¡C³oºØ»~¾Éªº¼x¥ü¥] ¬A¥Ñ FreeBSD bootstrap ±Ò°Ê¡A·íµwºÐµLªk³Q§ä¨ì®É¦Ó¦L¥X "read error" ªº°T®§¡A¥H­P©ó¾ã­Ó¨t²Î¦b±Ò°Ê¤¤¾ã­Ó°±º¢¡C

¨º¬°¦ó¤S­n¦³³oºØ¼Ò¦¡©O¡H¥¦¥u¸`¬ÙºÏºÐªÅ¶¡¤¤¼Æ kbyte ªº¤j¤p¡A ¦Ó¹ï¤@­Ó·sªº¦w¸Ë¹Lµ{¤¤«o¥i¯à²£¥Í¹ê»Úªº§xÃø¡C`¦MÀI©^Äm'¼Ò¦¡­ì¥» ªº·Qªk¬O°ò©óÁקK¤@­Ó¥þ·s FreeBSD installer ¤¤³Ì±`¨£ªº°ÝÃD - ¬° ¤F­n¦bºÏºÐ¾÷¤W°t¦X BIOS ªº ``geometry'' ¼Æ¥Ø¡C

``Geometry''¬O¤@­Ó¦³ÂI¸¨¥îªº·§©À¡A¦ý¬O«o¤´¦b PC ªº BIOS ¤¤ ¨Ï¥Î¨Ã¥B»PºÏºÐ¾÷¥æ¤¬¹B§@µÛ¡A·í FreeBSD installer «Ø¥ß slice ®É ¡A¥¦¥²¶·°O¿ý³o¨Ç slices ¦bºÏºÐ¾÷¤Wªº¦ì¸m¡A³o¤èªk¥²¶·©M BIOS §Æ ±æ¯à§ä¨ì¥¦­Ìªº¦ì¸m¤@­P¡C°²¦p¿ù¤F¡A§A±N¤£¥i¯à±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡C

``Dangerously dedicated''¼Ò¦¡(«á­±·|²ºÙ¬° DD mode)¸ÕµÛ­nÅý ³o­Ó°ÝÃD²³æ¤@ÂI¡A¬Y¨Ç±¡§Î¤U¥¦°µ¹ï¤F¡C¦ý³o¥u¯à·í¦¨³Ì«áªº¤U¤U¤§ µ¦ - ÁÙ¦³§ó¦nªº¤èªk¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³o°ÝÃDªºµ´¤j³¡¥÷¡C(ĶªÌ¡G³o³¡¥÷¥Î¤F ³\¦hªº¤f»y¥Îµü¡A­ì¤å·Ó¿ý¥H¨Ñ¹ï·Ó¡C)

``Dangerously dedicated'' mode tries to work around this by making the problem simpler. In some cases, it gets it right. But it's meant to be used as a last-ditch alternative - there are better ways to solve the problem 99 times out of 100.

¦]¦¹¡A·í§A¦b¦w¸Ë®É«ç»òÁקK­n¨Ï¥Î``DD''¼Ò¦¡¡H¦b¶}©l®É°O¤U BIOS ­n¨D¨Ï¥ÎºÏºÐ¾÷ªº geometry¡A§A¥i¥H¦b±Ò°Êªº ``boot:''´£¥Ü ¸¹¥X²{®É¡A¥H``-v''«ü©w®Ö¤ß¦L¥X³o­Ó°T®§¡A©Î¬O¦b loader ¸Ì­± ¨Ï¥Î``boot -v''¡C¦b installer ¶}©l°Ê§@«e¡A®Ö¤ß·|¦L¥X¤@¦ê BIOS geometries¡C§Oºò±i - µ¥ installer ¶}©l±Ò°Ê«á¨Ï¥Î scrollback ¤è¦¡¥hŪ³o¨Ç¼Æ¦r¡A«ö·ÓºD¨Ò¦a BIOS ºÏºÐ¾÷ªº³æ¤¸·|¸ò FreeBSD ¦C Á|¥X¨Óªº¤@¼Ë¡AIDE ¥ý¡AµM«á¤~¬O SCSI¡C

·í§A¦b¤À³Î§AªººÏºÐ®É¡AÀˬd¦b FDISK ¿Ã¹õ¤W¥X²{ªººÏºÐ geometry ¬O¥¿½Tªº(¤]´N¬O»¡­n¸ò BIOS ªº¼Æ¦r¬Û²Å¦X)¡F¦pªG¿ù¤F¡A¥Î``g''«öÁä ­×§ï¡C·í§A¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Ý¤£¨ì¥ô¦óºÏºÐ¾÷¡A©Î°²¨ÏºÏºÐ¾÷¤w¸g¥Ñ¥t¤@­Ó¨t ²Î¤¤²¾°£®É¡A¯S§OÀ³¸Ó³o»ò°µ¡C­È±oª`·Nªº¬O³o¥u¬O«ü©w§A­n¥Ñ­þ­ÓºÏºÐ ¤W±Ò°Ê¡FFreeBSD ±N·|¦Û¦æ§ä¥X¦b§A¨t²Î¤Wªº¨ä¥LºÏºÐ¾÷¡C

¤@¥¹§A¨ú±o BIOS ¸ò FreeBSD ¨âªÌ¹ïºÏºÐ¾÷ geometry ªº¦@ÃÑ¡A§A ªº§xÃø´X¥G¤w¸gªï¤b¦Ó¸Ñ¡A¦Ó¥B¦A¤]¤£»Ý­n¨Ï¥Î``DD''mode¡CµM¦Ó¡A°² ¦p§A¤´¾á¤ß·í§A¹Á¸Õ±Ò°Ê®É·|¬Ý¨ì``read error''°T®§¡A³o®É­Ô§A¯à°µ ªº´N¬Oë§iµM«á¸Õ¬Ý¬Ý - ¤Ï¥¿¤]¨S¤°»ò¦n¥¢¥hªº¡C

­n§â``¦MÀI©^Äm''ªººÏºÐ¦^´_¨ì¥¿±` PC ¨Ï¥Î¡A°ò¥»¤W¦³¨â­Ó¿ï¾Ü¡C ²Ä¤@¡A¬O§A§â¨¬°÷ªº NULL ¦ì¤¸²Õ¼g¤J MBR ½T«O¥ô¦óÀH«áªº¦w¸Ëµ{ ¦¡¬Û«H³o¥u¬O¤@­ÓªÅ¥ÕªººÏºÐ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡§A¥i¥H³o¼Ë°µ¡G

        dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda0 count=15
      

©Î¬O±Ä¥Î¥t¥~¤@­Ó¡A«D¥¿¦¡ªº DOS ``¯S¦â''¡G

        fdisk /mbr
      

³o±N·|¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¥D­n±Ò°Ê°O¿ý¡A¦]¦¹·|¯}Ãa BSD bootstrap¡C

³Ì¦nªº¤èªk¬O¼W¥[§A swap ¤À³Î°Ïªº¤j¤p¡A©Î§Q¥Î³o­Ó¤è«K²z¥Ñªº¦n³B¥h ¼W¥[¥t¤@­ÓµwºÐ¡CºD¨Òºâªk¬O¥Î¥D°O¾ÐÅ骺¨â­¿·í¸m´«ªÅ¶¡(swap space) ¡AµM¦Ó¦pªG§A¥u¦³«Ü¤Ö¶qªº¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡A§A¥i¯à·Q¥t¥~³]©w swap¡C³]©w¨¬°÷ ªº¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¡A¨Ã¬°¥H«á°O¾ÐÅéÂX¥R¹w§@·Ç³Æ¥i¯à¬O­Ó¦n¥D·N¡A³o¼Ë¥H«á´N ¤£»Ý­n¦A°µ¤@¦¸¸m´«ªÅ¶¡ªº³]©w¡C

¦b¤À´²ªººÏºÐ¤W¼W¥[¸m´«ªÅ¶¡·|¤ñ³æ¯Â¦a¦b¦P¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¥[¤J¸m´«ªÅ¶¡ Åý®Ä²v¨Óªº§Ö¤@ÂI¡CÁ|¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¸Ì½sĶ¨Ó ·½µ{¦¡¡A¦Ó¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¦b¥t¤@­ÓºÏºÐ¡A³o·|¤ñ¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¸ò½sĶµ{¦¡³£¦b ¦P¤@­ÓºÏºÐ®É¨Ó±o§Ö¡C³o¹ï SCSI ºÏºÐ¾÷¯S§O¥¿½T¡C

·í§A¦³¦n´X­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷®É¡A¦b¨C­ÓºÏºÐ¤W³]©w¤@­Ó swap ¤À³Î°Ï¬O¦³ §Qªº¡A¬Æ¦Ü³Ì«á¨Ï¥Î¤@¾ã­ÓºÏºÐ¾÷·í¸m´«ªÅ¶¡¡C¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¨C­Ó¨t²Î ¤Wªº§Ö³tºÏºÐ³£À³³]©w¬Y¨Ç swap¡AFreeBSD ¤º©w¤ä´©³Ì¦h¥|­Ó¥æ¿ù¦¡ swap ¸Ë¸m¡C³q±`³]©w¦h­« swap ¤À³Î°Ï®É§A·|·QÅý¥¦­Ì³£¨Ï¥Î¦P¼Ë¤j ¤p¡A¦ý¦³®É§Ú­Ì·|·QÅý¥D­n swap ¤À³Î°Ï(primary swap partition) §ó¤j¤@ÂI¥H®e¯Ç®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡ªº core dump¡C§Aªº primary swap partition ¦Ü¤Ö¥²¶·©M¥D°O¾ÐÅé¤@¼Ë¤j¡A¥H¯à®e¯Ç¤@­Ó kernel core¡C

IDE ºÏºÐ¨Ã¤£¤¹³\¦P®É¦b¦P¤@³q¹D¸Ì¦s¨ú¨â­Ó¸Ë¸m¡]FreeBSD ¤£¤ä´© mode 4¡A¦]¦¹©Ò¦³ªº IDE ºÏºÐ I/O ¬O``¥iµ{¦¡¤Æªº''¡^¡CµM¦Ó§Ú¤´ ·|«Øij§A§â¸m´«ªÅ¶¡©ñ¦b¤À§OªººÏºÐ¡CºÏºÐ¾÷³o»ò«K©y¡A¹ê¦b¨S¤°»ò ¦n¾á¤ßªº¡C

¦b NFS ¤W°µ¸m´«¶È¦b¥H¤U±¡§Î³Q«Øij¨Ï¥Î¡G§A¨S¦³¦Û¤vªººÏºÐ¥i ¥H¨Ï¥Î¡CFreeBSD 4.0 ¥H«e release ªºª©¥»¦b NFS ¤W°µ¸m´«¬O¬Û·í ½wºC¦ÓµL®Ä²vªº¡A¦ý¦bµ¥©ó 4.0 ©Î¤§«áªº release ª©¥»´N¦³¦X²zªº ³t«×¤F¡C§Y¨Ï¦p¦¹¡AÁÙ¬O¨ü¨ìºô¸ô¦³®ÄÀW¼e©M¦b NFS server ¤WÃB¥~ ¸Ë¸üªº­­¨î¡C

³o¸Ì¦³­Ó½d¨Ò¬O¥Î 64MB vn-swap (/usr/swap0¡A·íµM§A¯à¥Î ¥ô¦ó§A·Q¥Îªº¦W¦r¡^¡C

½T©w§Aªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡«Ø¥ß®É¦³¥]§t¥H¤U³o¦æ¡G

        pseudo-device   vn 1   #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device)
      

¦b§Aªº³]©wÀɤ¤¡CGENERIC ³o­Ó®Ö¤ß¤w¸g¥]§t³o¶µ¤F¡C

1. «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó vn-device

             cd /dev
             sh ./MAKEDEV vn0
           

   
   
   

2. «Ø¥ß¤@­Ó¸m´«ÀÉ (/usr/swap0)

             dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64
           

   
   
   

3. ³]©w¾A·íªº¦s¨úÅv©ó(/usr/swap0)

             chmod 0600 /usr/swap0
           

   
   
   

4. ¦b /etc/rc.conf ¤¤±Ò°Ê¸m´«ÀÉ

             swapfile="/usr/swap0"   # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired.
           

   
   
   

5. ­«·s¶}¾÷¡C

­n°¨¤W±Ò°Ê¸m´«ÀÉ¡AÁä¤J¡G

        vnconfig -ce /dev/vn0c /usr/swap0 swap
      

½Ð°Ñ¾\ Handbook ¸Ì¦³Ãö¦C¦Lªº³¡¥÷¡C³oÀ³¸Ó¯à¸Ñ¨M§A¤j³¡¤Àªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¬Ý Handbook entry on printing.

kbdcontrol µ{¦¡¦³¤@­Ó¿ï¶µ¥i¥HŪ¨úÁä½L°t¸mÀɮסC¦b /usr/share/syscons/keymaps ¦³¤@¨Ç°t¸mÀÉ¡C¿ï¾Ü¤@­Ó¸ò§Aªº ¬ÛÃöªº¨ÃŪ¨ú¥¦¡C

        kbdcontrol -l uk.iso
      

/usr/share/syscons/keymaps ©M .kbd ©µ®i¶°¨â­Ó³£¥Ñ kbdcontrol ©ÒÂ_©w¡C

¥i¥H±q /etc/sysconfig (©Î rc.conf) ¨Ó³]©w¡A½Ð¬Ý¦¹Àɸ̬ÛÃöªºµù¸Ñ¡C

¦b 2.0.5R ¤Î¨ä¤§«áªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¦³¸ò¤å¦r¦r«¬¡AÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬ÛÃöªº³]©w³£¦b /usr/share/examples/syscons¡C

¥H¤U¬O¥Ø«e¤ä´©ªº¹ïÀ³³]©w¡G

• Belgian ISO-8859-1

• Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850

• Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1

• Danish Codepage 865

• Danish ISO-8859-1

• French ISO-8859-1

• German Codepage 850

• German ISO-8859-1

• Italian ISO-8859-1

• Japanese 106

• Japanese 106x

• Latin American

• Norwegian ISO-8859-1

• Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's)

• Russian Codepage 866 (alternative)

• Russian koi8-r (shift)

• Russian koi8-r

• Spanish ISO-8859-1

• Swedish Codepage 850

• Swedish ISO-8859-1

• Swiss-German ISO-8859-1

• United Kingdom Codepage 850

• United Kingdom ISO-8859-1

• United States of America ISO-8859-1

• United States of America dvorak

• United States of America dvorakx

1. ¤£­n¦b '/' ¥´¶} quotas¡A

2. §â quotas ÀÉ©ñ¦b¥¦¥²¶·±j­¢¸m¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¤º¡AÁ|¨Ò¡G

             FS      QUOTA FILE
             /usr    /usr/admin/quotas
             /home   /home/admin/quotas
             ...
           

   
   
   

³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G

        # ccdconfig -C
        ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format
        #
      

³q±`³o·|µo¥Í¦b§A¹Á¸Õ­n³sµ² `c' ¤À³Î°Ï¡A³o¤º©wªº«¬§O¬O`µLªk¨Ï¥Îªº' ¡Cccd ÅX°Êµ{¦¡»Ý­nªº°ò¦¤À³Î°Ï«¬§O¬° FS_BSDFFS¡A½s¿è§A­n¸ÕµÛ³sµ²ªººÏºÐ ¼Ð°O¨Ã§ó§ï¤À³Î°Ïªº«¬§O¬°`4.2BSD'¡C

³oºØ±¡§Îªº¼x¥ü¬O¡G

        # disklabel ccd0
        (³o¸Ì¦L¥X¬Y¨Ç©úÅ㪺¸ê®Æ¡A©Ò¥H¸ÕµÛ½s¿è¥¦¡^
        # disklabel -e ccd0
        (½s¿è¡AÀx¦s¡AµM«áÂ÷¶})
        disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk;
        use "disklabel -r" to install initial label
        #
      

³o¬O¦]¬°¥Ñ ccd ¶Ç¦^ªººÏºÐ¼Ð°O¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó`°²ªº'¦Ó¨S¦³¯u¥¿¦bºÏºÐ ¤W¡C§A¥i¥H§â¥¦§¹¥þ¼g¤J¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G

        # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp
        # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp
        # disklabel -e ccd0
        (this will work now)
      

¬Oªº¡AFreeBSD ¤ä´© System V-style IPC¡C³o¥]¬A¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¡A°T®§¸ò «H¸¹¡C§A»Ý­n¦b§Aªº®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤº¥[¤J¤U¦C´X¦æ¥H±Ò°Ê¥¦­Ì¡C

        options    SYSVSHM
        options    "SHMMAXPGS=64"   # 256Kb of sharable memory
        options    SYSVSEM          # enable for semaphores
        options    SYSVMSG          # enable for messaging
      

­«·s½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C

ª`·N¡G ¦pªG§A­n°õ¦æ GIMP §A¥i¯à»Ý­n¼W¥[ SHMMAXPKGS ¨ì¬Y¨Ç¯î ÂÕªº¼Æ¥Ø¹³¬O 4096(16M!)¡A256Kb ¹ï X11R6 ¦@¨É°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó»¡¤w¸g¥R¤À¨¬ °÷¤F¡C

¸òÀH FreeBSD ®M¸Ë¦Ó¨Óªº sendmail ³]©w¬O¾A¦X¨º¨Çª½±µ³s¤Wºô»Úºô¸ô ªº¯¸¥x¡C·Q³z¹L UUCP ¥æ´«¶l¥óªº¯¸¥x¥²¶·¥t¥~¦w¸Ë sendmil ªº³]©wÀÉ ®×¡C

¤â°Ê­×§ï /etc/sendmail.cf ¬Oµ´¹ï¥²­nªº¡C²Ä 8 ª©ªº sendmail ´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¤J¤f¥H³z¹L¤@¨Ç¹³ m4 ªº³B²z´N¯à ²£¥Í³]©wÀÉ¡A³o¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O¤@­Ó°ª¼h·§©Àµ¥¯Åªº§Þ¥©©Ê³]©w¡C§AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦b¥H ¤UÀɮ׸̨ϥΥ¦¡G

        /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf
      

°²¦p§A¤£¬O¥Î full sources ¤è¦¡¦w¸Ë¨t²Î¡A¨º»ò sendmail ³]©w¶µ¥Ø¥i ¯à¤w¸g¤À´²¦¨¦n´X­Ó¨Ó·½¤À¥¬Àɦbµ¥µÛ§A¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g mount ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A°µ ¥H¤U°Ê§@¡G

        cd /usr/src
        tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa
      

§OÅå·W¡A³o¥u¦³¼Æ¤Q¸U­Ó¦ì¤¸²Õªº¤j¤p¡C¦b cf ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº README ¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¤@­Ó m4 ³]©wªkªº°ò¥»¤¶²Ð¡C

¥H UUCP »¼°e¨Ó»¡¡A«Øij§A³Ì¦n¨Ï¥Î mailertable ¯SÂI¡C «Øºc¤@­Ó¸ê®Æ®wÅý sendmail ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¥¦¦Û¤vªº¸ô®|¨Mµ¦¡C

­º¥ý¡A§A¥²¶·«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº .mc ÀÉ¡C /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf ¥Ø¿ý¬O³o¨ÇÀɮתº®a¡C ¬d¬Ý¤@¤U¡A¤w¸g¦³¦n´X­Ó½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A°²³]§A¤w¸g©R¦W¦Û¤vªºÀÉ¥s foo.mc¡A§A­n°µªº¥u¬O§â¥¦Âà´«¦¨¤@­Ó¦³®Äªº sendmail.cf ¡G

        cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
        make foo.cf
        cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf
      

¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº .mc Àɬݰ_¨Ó¥i¯à¹³³o¼Ë¡G

        include(`../m4/cf.m4')
        VERSIONID(`Your version number')
        OSTYPE(bsd4.4)

        FEATURE(nodns)
        FEATURE(nocanonify)
        FEATURE(mailertable)

        define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay)
        define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)

        MAILER(local)
        MAILER(smtp)
        MAILER(uucp)

        Cw    your.alias.host.name
        Cw    youruucpnodename.UUCP
      

nodns ©M nocanonify ¯S©Ê±NÁקK¥ô¦ó¦b»¼°e¶l¥ó ®É·|¥Î¨ì DNS ªº¾÷·|¡CUUCP_RELAY ¶µ¥Øªº¥X²{²z¥Ñ«Ü©_©Ç¡A ´N¤£­n°Ý¬°¦ó¤F¡C²³æªº©ñ¤J¤@­Óºô»Úºô¸ô¤W¥i¥H³B²z .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ì ¦ì§}ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡F³q±`¡A§A¥u»Ý­n¦b³o¸Ì¶ñ¤J§A ISP ªº«H¥ó¦^ÂгB (mail replay)¡C

§A¤w¸g°µ¨ì³o¸Ì¤F¡A§AÁٻݭn³o­Ó¥s /etc/mailertable ªº ÀɮסC¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº½d¨Ò¦p¤U¡G

        #
        # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable
        #
        horus.interface-business.de   uucp-dom:horus
        .interface-business.de        uucp-dom:if-bus
        interface-business.de         uucp-dom:if-bus
        .heep.sax.de                  smtp8:%1
        horus.UUCP                    uucp-dom:horus
        if-bus.UUCP                   uucp-dom:if-bus
        .                             uucp-dom:sax
      

¦p§A©Ò¨£¡A³o¬O¬Y­Ó¯u¹êÀɮ׸̪º¤@³¡¥÷¡C­º¤T¦æ³B²zºô°ì©w§}«H¥ó ¤£À³¸Ó³Q°e¥X¨ì¤º©w¸ô®|¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¬Y¨Ç UUCP ¾F©~(UUCP neighbor)¨ú¥N ªº¯S®í±¡§Î¡A³o¬O¬°¤F``ÁYµu''»¼°eªº¸ô®|¡C¤U¤@¦æ³B²z¨ì¥»¦a¤A¤Ó ºô¸ôºô°ìªº«H¥óÅý¥¦¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î SMTP ¨Ó»¼°e¡C³Ì«á¡AUUCP ¾F©~´£¨ì .UUCP µêÀÀºô°ìªº°O¸ü¡A¤¹³\¤@­Ó``uucp-neighbor!recipient''±À½¤º©w³W«h¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ«h¥H¤@ ­Ó³æ¿Wªº¥yÂI°µµ²§ô¡A¥H UUCP »¼°e¨ì´£¨Ñ·í§A¥þ¥@¬É©Ê¶l¥ó¹hªùªº UUCP ¾F©~¡C©Ò¦³¦b uucp-dom: ÃöÁä¦r¸Ìªº¸`ÂI¦WºÙ¥²¶·³£¬O ¦³®Äªº UUCP ¾F©~¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î uuname ©R¥O¥h½T»{¡C

´£¿ô§A³o­ÓÀɮצb¨Ï¥Î«e¥²¶·³QÂà´«¦¨ DBM ¸ê®Æ®wÀɮסA³Ì¦n¦b mailertable ³Ì¤W­±¥Îµù¸Ñ¼g¥X©R¥O¦C¨Ó§¹¦¨³o­Ó¤u§@¡C·í§A¨C¦¸§ó´«§A ªº mailertable «á§AÁ`¬O»Ý­n°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡C

³Ì«á´£¥Ü¡G¦pªG§A¤£½T©w¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¥i¥Î¡A°O±o§â -bt ¿ï¶µ¥[¨ì sendmail¡C³o·|±N sendmail ±Ò°Ê¦b address test mode ¡F¥u­n«ö¤U ``0''¡A±µµÛ¿é¤J§A§Æ±æ´ú¸Õªº«H¥ó¸ô®|¦ì§}¡C³Ì«á¤@¦æ§i¶D§A¨Ï ¥Î¤º³¡ªº«H¥ó¥N²zµ{¦¡¡A¥N²zµ{¦¡ªº·|³qª¾¥Øªº¥D¾÷¡A¥H¤Î(¥i¯àÂà´«ªº)¦ì§} ¡C­nÂ÷¶}¦¹¼Ò¦¡½Ð«ö Control-D¡C

        j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt
        ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
        Enter <ruleset> <address>
        > 0 foo@interface-business.de
        rewrite: ruleset  0   input: foo @ interface-business . de
        ...
        rewrite: ruleset  0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \
        < @ interface-business . de >
        > ^D
        j@uriah 192%
      

¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦³¤@­Ó©T©wªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A§A¤£»Ý­n½Õ¾ã¥ô¦ó¤º©w­È¡C³]¦n §A­n«ü©wªººô¸ô¦WºÙ¡A¨ä¥Lªº sendmail ³£·|À°§A°µ§¹¡C

¦pªG§A®³¨ìªº¬O°ÊºA°t¸mªº IP ¼Æ¦r¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ ppp ³s±µ¨ìºô »Úºô¸ô¡A§A¥i¯à¤w¸g¦b§Aªº ISP «H¥ó¥D¾÷¤W¦³¤@­Ó«H½c¡C°²³]§Aªº ISP ºô°ì¬O myISP.com¡A§Aªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¬O user¡C¥ç°² ³]§AºÙ¦Û¤vªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¬O bsd.home ¦Ó§Aªº ISP §i¶D§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î relay.myISP.com ·í§@«H¥ó¦^ÂгB¡C

¬°¤F±q§Aªº«H½c±µ¦¬«H¥ó¡A§A±N»Ý­n¦w¸Ë¨ú«Hµ{¦¡¥H«K±q«H½c¨ú¦^«H¥ó¡C Fetchmail ¬O¤@­Ó¤£¿ùªº¿ï¾Ü¦]¬°¥¦¤ä´©³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A³q±` §Aªº ISP ·|´£¨Ñ POP3¡C¦pªG§A¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Î user-ppp¡A§A¥i¥H¦b³s½u¨ìºô¸ô ¦¨¥\«á¦Û°Ê§ì¨ú§Aªº«H¥ó¡A¥u­n¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup ¸Ì­± ³]©w¥H¤U³o¶µ¡G

        MYADDR:
          !bg su user -c fetchmail
      

°²¨Ï§A¥¿¨Ï¥Î sendmail(¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü)¶Ç°e«H¥ó¨ì«D¥»¦a±b¸¹ ¡A¸m¤J¥H¤U©R¥O¡G

         !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"
      

¦b¤W­±¨º¶µ©R¥O¤§«á¡C³o·|±j­¢ sendmail ¦b³s±µ¤Wºô¸ô«á°¨¤W¶}©l³B ²z mailqueue¡C

§Ú°²³]§A¦b bsd.home ¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¤@­Ó user ªº±b¸¹¡C¦b bsd.home ¾÷¾¹¤W user ªº®a¥Ø¿ý¸Ì«Ø¥ß¤@­Ó .fetchmailrc ªºÀɮסG

        poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret;
      

µL¶·Âب¥¡A³o­ÓÀÉ°£¤F user ¥~¤£À³¸Ó³Q¥ô¦ó¤HŪ¨ú¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥]§t ¤F MySecret ³o­Ó±K½X¡C

¬°¤F¦b±H«H®É¦³¥¿½Tªº©ïÀY from: ¡A§A¥²¶·§i¶D sendmail ¨Ï¥Î <user@myISP.com> ¦Ó«D <user@bsd.home>¡C§A¥i¯à·|§Æ±æ§i¶D sendmail ±q relay.myISP.com °e¥X©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡A¥[§Ö«H¥ó¶Ç°e¡C

¥H¤Uªº .mc ÀÉÀ³¯àº¡¨¬§Aªº­n¨D¡G

        VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
        OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
        FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
        MAILER(local)dnl
        MAILER(smtp)dnl
        Cwlocalhost
        Cwbsd.home
        MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl
        FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
        FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
        FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
        FEATURE(nodns)dnl
        define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com')
        Dmbsd.home
        define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
        define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl
      

¦p¦óÂà´«³o­Ó .mc Àɮרì sendmail.cf Àɪº¸Ô²Ó²Ó¸`½Ð °Ñ¦Ò¤W¤@¸`¡C¥t¥~¡A¦b§ó·s sendmail.cf ¥H«á¤£­n§Ñ°O­«·s±Ò°Ê sendmail¡C

¤£­nÅå·W¡I¥u­n­«·s±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¡A¦b¬Ý¨ì Boot: ®É¿é¤Jboot -s §Y¥i¶i¤J³æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡(¦b 3.2-RELEASE ¤§«eªºª©¥»½Ð§ï¥Î-s )¡C ¦b°Ý­n¨Ï¥Î­þ­Ó shell ®É¡A«ö¤U ENTER¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó # ªº´£¥Ü¸¹¡A¿é¤J mount -u / ¥H­«·s±¾¤W(mount)§Aªº®ÚÀɮרt²Î¥i¨ÑŪ/¼g¡C°õ¦æ passwd root ¥H§ó´« root ±K½X¡AµM«á°õ¦æ exit Ä~Äò±Ò°Êµ{§Ç¡C

¦pªG§A¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº syscons(¨t²Î¤º©wªº¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡)¡A§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤºµM«á­«°µ¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ß¡G

    options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT

­Y¬O¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE ©Î¤§«áª©¥»ªº PCVT ¥D±±¥xÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡A «h¥H¤U¦C¿ï¶µ¥N´À¡G

    options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL

¨ä¥L§ó¦­´Áªº FreeBSD ª©¥»¡A½Ð­×§ï§A¥¿¦b¨Ï¥Îªº¥D±±¥xÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A¨Ã±N©Ò¦³ boot ÃöÁä¦r¥H nop ¨ú¥N¡C¤º©wªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¬O¦b /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd¡C§A¥i¯à»Ý­n©ú¥Õªº §h©J /etc/rc.conf ¥hŪ¨ú³o­ÓÁä½L¹ïÀ³¥H½T«O§ó°Ê¥Í®Ä¡C·í µM¦pªG§A¥¿¦b¥Î¾A¦X§A°êÄyªºÁä½L¹ïÀ³¡A§AÀ³¸Ó½s¿è¨º¤@­Ó¡C

²³æ¦a¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó perl ©R¥O¡G

perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ...

file ´N¬O­n³B²zªºÀɮסC³o­Ó­×§ï¬O¦b¤º³¡§¹¦¨¡A­ì©lªºÀÉ®×·|Àx¦s¦¨ °ÆÀɦW¬° .bak ªºÀɮסC

©ÎªÌ§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î tr ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file

dos-text-file ¬O¥]§t DOS ¤å¦rªºÀɮסA¦Ó unix-text-file «h¬O¥]§t Âà´«ªº¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡C³o¤ñ¨Ï¥Î perl ÁÙ­n§Ö¤W¤@ÂIÂI¡C

¨Ï¥Î killall¡C

³o­Ó¿ù»~¬O¦]¬° Kerberos ¤À´²»{ÃÒ¨t²Î¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£¬O«ÜÄY­«¦ý¬O¥O¤H ¹½·Ð¡C§A¥i¥H¥Î -K ¿ï¶µ¥h°õ¦æ su¡A©Î¬O¹³¤U­Ó°ÝÃD©Ò´y­zªº²¾°£ Kerberos¡C

­n±q¨t²Î¸Ì²¾°£ Kerberos¡A­«¸Ë§A¥¿¦b°õ¦æªº release ª©¥»ªº bin distribution¡C¦pªG§A¦³ CDROM¡A§A¥i¥H mount cd(°²³]¦b /cdrom)¨Ã°õ ¦æ¡G

cd /cdrom/bin
./install.sh

¦pªG§A¦³³\¦h telnet¡Assh¡AX ©Î¬O screen ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§A©Î³\·|¥Î§¹µêÀÀ ²×ºÝ¾÷¡A³o¯à±Ð§A«ç»ò¥[§ó¦h¡G

1. «Ø¥ß¨Ã¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¨Ã¥B¥[¤J³o¦æ¨ì³]©wÀÉ¡G

          pseudo-device pty 256
        

   
   
   

2. °õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
        

   
   
   

   ·|³y¥X 256 ­ÓµêÀÀ²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ë¸m¸`ÂI¡C

3. ½s¿è /etc/ttys ¨Ã¥[¤J²Å¦X 256 ­Ó²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¦æ¼Æ¡C¥¦­ÌÀ³ ¸Ó²Å¦X¤w¸g¦s¦b³æ¶µªº®æ¦¡¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥¦­Ì¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¡G

          ttyqc none network
        

   
   
   

   ¦r¥À³]­pªº¶¶§Ç¬O tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]¡A¨Ï¥Î¥¿³Wªí¥Ü¦¡¡C

4. ¥Î·sªº®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡­«·s±Ò°Ê¹q¸£´N¥i¥H¤F¡C

¥i¥H¥Î³o­Ó©R¥O²£¥Í­µ®Ä¥d©Ò»Ý­nªº snd0 ¸Ë¸m¡G

     # cd /dev
     # sh MAKEDEV snd0

³o­Ó©R¥O¨Ã¤£·|°µ¥X /dev/snd0¡A¦Ó¬O²£¥Í mixer0¡B audio0¡Bdsp0 ¤ÎÃþ¦üªº¸Ë¸m¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A¦pªG±z·Q¨Ï¥Î ­µ®Ä¡A¤´µM­n°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡C

¥ý¶i¤J³æ¤H¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡AµM«á¦A¦^¨ì¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Ò¦¡¡C

¦b¥D±±¥x°õ¦æ¡G

     # shutdown now
     (Note: without -r or -h)

     # return
     # exit

"Sandbox" ¬O¨t²Î¦w¥þ¥Îªº³N»y¡A¦³¨â­Ó·N¸q¡G

• ©ñ¦b¬Y¨ÇµêÀÀ¨¾Å@Àð¸Ìªº°õ¦æµ{§Ç¡A³o¨Ç¨¾Å@Àð¬O¥Î¨Óªý¤î¬Y¨Ç¤H«I¤J ³o¹Dµ{§Ç¡A¶i¦Ó¥X¤J©ó§ó¤jªº¨t²Î¤¤¡C

  ³o¹Dµ{§Ç¥i¥H§¹¥þ¦b¨¾Å@Àð¸Ì°Ê§@¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¥¦©Ò°õ¦æªº¥ô¦óµ{¦¡¤£ ¥i¯à·|º¯³z¨ìÀ𪺥~­±¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG±z¹ï¥¦¦³¦w¥þ¤WªºÅU¼{¡A¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¯S§O¥h ºÊÅ¥¥¦ªº¤@Á|¤@°Ê¡A¤Ï¥¿¥¦¥u¯à¦bÀ𤺬¡°Ê¡C

  Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¥i¥H¥Î userid ¨Ó°µ³o¹D¨¾Å@Àð¡A³o¥¿¬O security(7) ©M named(8) »¡©ú¤å¥ó¤¤ªº©w¸q¡C

  ²{¦b´N¥Î 'ntalk' ³o­ÓªA°È§@»¡©ú¡]¨£ /etc/inetd.conf¡^¡C³o­ÓªA°È ¥H«eªº userid ¬O root¡A²{¦b°õ¦æ®É«h¬O¥Î tty¡Ctty ³o­Ó userid ´N¬O¤@ ­Ó sandbox¡A¦pªG¦³¤H¯à°÷¶¶§Q¥Î ntalk «I¤J¨t²Î¡A²{¦b¥L´Nºâ¶i±o¨Ó¤]¥u ¯à¥Î tty ³o­Ó userid¡C

• ©ñ¦b¬Y­Ó¼ÒÀÀ¾÷¾¹¸Ìªºµ{¦¡¡A³o¤ñ¤W­z¨Ó±o§óÄY±K¡C°ò¥»¤W³oªí¥Ü¯à«I¤J ¸Óµ{¦¡ªº¤H¬Û«H¥L¯à¦A¶i¤J©ÒÄݪº¾÷¾¹¡A¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W¥u·|¶i¤J¼ÒÀÀ¥X¨Óªº¾÷¾¹¡A µLªk¶i¤@¨B­×§ï¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ¡C

  ¹F¨ì³o­Ó¥Øªº³Ì±`¥Îªº¤èªk¡A´N¬O¦b¬Y­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý¤U°µ¥X¼ÒÀÀªºÀô¹Ò¡AµM«á ¥Î chroot °õ¦æ¸Óµ{¦¡¡A³o¼Ë¸Óµ{¦¡ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý«K¬O³o­Ó¤l¥Ø¿ý¡A¦Ó«D¨t²Î¯u ¥¿ªº®Ú¥Ø¿ý¡C

  ¥t¤@­Ó±`¨£§@ªk¬O±N¬Y­ÓÀɮרt²Î mount ¦¨°ßŪ¡A¦ý¦b¥¦¤W­±¥t¥~»s³y ¥Xµ{¦¡¥H¬°¥i¥H¼g¤JªºÀɮרt²Î¡C³o­Óµ{¦¡·|¬Û«H¥¦¥i¥H¹ï¨ä¥LÀÉ®×Ū¼g¡A ¦ý¥u¦³¥¦¬Ý¤£¨ì³o­Ó°ßŪ®ÄÀ³ - ¨t²Î°õ¦æªº¤@¯ëµ{¦¡³£¬Ý±o¨ì¡C

  §Ú­Ì¸Õ¹Ï±N³oÃþ sandbox ºÉ¶q³z©ú¤Æ¡AÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Î«I¤JªÌµLªk¬Ý¨ì¥L¬O §_¦b¬Y­Ó sandbox ¸Ì­±¡C

UNIX ¹ê§@¨âºØ sandbox¡A¤@­Ó¦bµ{¦¡¼h­±¡A¥t¤@­Ó«h¬O¥Ñ userid ¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C

¨C­Ó UNIX °õ¦æµ{§Ç·|¥Î¨¾¤õÀð±N¥¦©M©Ò¦³¨ä¥Lµ{§Ç¹j¶}¡A¬Y­Óµ{§Ç¤£¥i¥H ÀH·N­×§ï¨ä¥Lµ{§Ç¦ì§}ªº¸ê®Æ¡C³o©M Windows ¤¤¡Aµ{¦¡¥i¥H»´©ö­×§ï¨ä¥L¦ì§} ¸ê®Æªº±¡ªp¡A¤j¤£¬Û¦P¡C

¨C­Ó UNIX µ{§Ç³£ÄÝ©ó¬Y­Ó¯S©wªº userid¡C¦pªG¸Ó userid ¤£¬O root¡A´N ·|±N¥¦©M¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºµ{§Ç¹j¶}¡CUserid ¦P®É¤]¥Î©óµwºÐ¸ê®Æªº¦s¨úÅv¤W¡C

¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀ³¸Ó¤]­n¦³±¾¤W¸Ë¸mªº¥\¯à¡A±µ¤U¨Ó¬O¤èªk¡G

³o¼Ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ´N¥i¥H¦b¥L­Ì¦Û¤vªº¥Ø¿ý¤U±¾¤W /dev/fd0¡G

    % mkdir ~/my-mount-point
    % mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 ~/my-mount-point

¸Ñ°£¤w¸g±¾¤Wªº¸Ë¸m¤]«Ü²³æ¡G

    % umount ~/my-mount-point

µM¦Ó±Ò°Ê vfs.usermount ³o­Ó sysctl °Ñ¼Æ¥i¯à·|¦³­t­±ªº¦w¥þ©Ê¼vÅT¡A ¤@­Ó­n¦s¨ú MSDOS ®æ¦¡´CÅ骺¸û¨Î¤è¦¡½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¥H¤U³o­Ó link¡G mtools ¡C

³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¦b¦w¸Ë¨t²Îªº®É­Ô¤@¨Ö¦w¸Ë¡C

µM«á¬Ý¬Ý xf86config ªº man page ¡A³o­Óµ{¦¡¥i¥HÀ°±z³]©w XFree86(tm) ¨Ï¥¦ ¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î±zªºÅã¥Ü¥d/·Æ¹«µ¥¶gÃä¡C

±z©Î³\¤]·Q¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý Xaccel server¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý Metro Link ©Î¬O Xi Graphics ³o¤@¬q¡C

¦pªG±z¥Îªº¬O syscons (¤º©wªº console ÅX°Êµ{¦¡) ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¸g¥Ñ³]©w FreeBSD ¨ÓÅý¥¦¤ä´©¦b¨C­Ó virtual console ¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡C¬°¤FÁקK©M X ²£¥Í½Ä ¬ð¡Asyscons ¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@­Ó¥s°µ``/dev/sysmouse''ªºµêÀÀ¸Ë¸m¡C©Ò¦³·Æ ¹«²£¥Íªº event ³£·|§Q¥Î MouseSystems ³o­Ó¨ó©w¨Ó¶Ç¨ì sysmouse ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m ¡C¦pªG±z§Æ±æ¦b¤@­Ó©Î¥H¤Wªº virtual console ¤W¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¡A¨Ã¥B ¯à°÷ ¨Ï¥Î X ªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì«Øij±z³o¼Ë³]©w¡G

        /etc/rc.conf:
          moused_type=ps/2          # or whatever your actual type is
          moused_port=/dev/psm0     # or whatever your real port is
          moused_flags=

        /etc/XF86Config
          Section Pointer
              Protocol "MouseSystems"
              Device   "/dev/sysmouse"
              .....
      

¦³¨Ç¤H¤ñ¸û³ßÅw¦b³]©w X ªº®É­Ô¥Î "/dev/mouse" ³o­Ó¸Ë¸m¡C¦p ªG±z­nÅý¥¦¯à°÷¥¿±`¤u§@ªº¸Ü¡A±z´N¥²¶·§â "/dev/mouse" ³sµ²¨ì /dev/sysmouse¡G

        # cd /dev
        # rm -f mouse
        # ln -s sysmouse mouse
      

§â Num Lock Ãö±¼¸Õ¸Õ¡C

¦pªG±zªº Num Lock ¦b¶}¾÷®Éªº¹w³]­È¬O¶}µÛªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·§â¤U¦C³o¦æ©ñ¨ì XF86Config ³]©wÀɤ¤ªº "Keyboard" ³¡¥÷¡C

        # Let the server do the NumLock processing.  This should only be
        # required when using pre-R6 clients
            ServerNumLock
      

²³æ¨Ó»¡¡Avirtual console ´N¬O¥i¥HÅý±z¤£¥²°µ¤Ó¦h½ÆÂøªº³]©w¦p¨Ï¥Îºô ¸ô©Î°õ¦æ X ¡A¦Ó¦b¦P¤@»O¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É°µ¦n´X¥ó¨Æªº¤èªk¡C

·í±Ò°Ê¨t²Î¨ÃÅã¥Ü§¹©Ò¦³¶}¾÷°T®§¤§«á¡A±z´N·|¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó login ªº ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦b³o­Ó®É­Ô±z´N¥i¥H¿é¤J±zªº login name ¥H¤Î password ¡AµM«á´N ¥i¥H¦b²Ä¤@­Ó virtual console ¤W¶}©l¤u§@¤F (©ÎªÌ¶}©lª±¡I) ¡C

¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤U¡A±z¥i¯à·|·Q­n§@¨ä¥Lªº¤u§@¡A¨Ò¦p»¡¬O¬Ý¬Ý±z¥¿¦b°õ¦æªºµ{ ¦¡ªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó¡A©Î¬O·í±z¦b FTP ¶Ç¿éªºµ¥«Ý®É¶¡¤¤¬Ý¬Ý±zªº¶l¥ó¡C±z¥u»Ý­n«ö Alt-F2 («ö¦í Alt Á䤣©ñ¡A¨Ã«ö¤U F2 Áä) ¡AµM«á±z´N·|¦b²Ä¤G­Ó "virtual console" ¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡I·í±z·Q­n¦^¨ì­ì¨Óªº¤u§@®É¡A½Ð«ö Alt-F1¡C

FreeBSD ¦b¦w¸Ë®Éªº¹w³]­È¬O¨Ï¥Î¤T­Ó virtual console ¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î Alt-F1¡AAlt-F2¡A¥H¤Î Alt-F3 ¦b¥¦­Ì¤§¶¡°µ¤Á´«¡C

¦pªG±z·Q­n¦h¤@ÂI virtual console ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥u»Ý­n½s¿è /etc/ttys ³o­ÓÀÉ ¡A¦b "Virtual terminals" ³o­Óµù¸Ñ«á­±¥[¤J "ttyv4" ¨ì "ttyvc" ªºÄæ¦ì¡G

        # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change
        # "off" to "on".
        ttyv3   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv4   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv5   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv6   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv7   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv8   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
        ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
      

±z·Q¥Î´X­Ó´N³]´X­Ó¡C±z³]¶V¦h virtual terminal ¡A¥¦­Ì´N¥Î±¼¶V¦h¨t²Î ¸ê·½¡F¦pªG±z¥u¦³¤£¨ì 8MB ªº°O¾ÐÅ骺¸Ü¡A³o¼vÅT´N¤j¤F¡C±z¥i¯à¤]·|·Q§â "secure" ´«¦¨ "insecure" ¡C

IMPORTANT NOTE ¦pªG±z·Q­n°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A±z ¥²¶· ¬°¥¦«O¯d ( ©ÎÃö±¼) ¦Ü¤Ö¤@­Ó virtual terminal ¡C³o´N¬O»¡¡A¦pªG±z·Q¦b«ö¤Q¤G­Ó Alt ¥\¯àÁä®É³£¦³ login ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A¦Ó¥B¤S¦b¦P¤@³¡¹q¸£¤W¤]·Q°õ¦æ X ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò ³o¯u¬O¤Ó¤£©¯¤F - ±z¥u¯à¥Î¤Q¤@­Ó¡C

¨ú®ø¤@­Ó console ³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O§â¥¦Ãö±¼¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG±z¹³¤W­±Á¿ ªº¤@¼Ë³]©w¤F¥þ³¡ªº 12 ­Ó terminal ¨Ã¥B·Q­n°õ¦æ X ¡A±z¥²»Ý§â virtual terminal 12 ±q¡G

        ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
      

³]¦¨¡G

        ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
      

¦pªG±zªºÁä½L¥u¦³ 10 ­Ó¥\¯àÁ䪺¸Ü¡A±z´N­n§ï¦¨³o¼Ë¡G

        ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
        ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
        ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
      

(±z¤]¥i¥Hª½±µ§â³o´X¦æ¬å±¼¡C)

¤@¥¹±z§ï¤F /etc/ttys¡A ¤U¤@­Ó¨BÆJ´N¬O­n½T©w±z¦³¨¬°÷ªº virtual terminal ¸Ë¸m¡C³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G

        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV vty12                 # For 12 devices
      

¦A¹L¨Ó¡A·Q­n±Ò°Ê³o¨Ç virtual console ³Ì²³æ (¤]¬O³Ì°®²b) ªº°µªk´N¬O ­«¶}¾÷¡CµM«á¡A¦pªG±z¤£·Q­«¶}¾÷ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H§â X Window Ãö±¼¡AµM«á¥Î root ªº¨­¥÷°õ¦æ¤U¦C«ü¥O¡G

        kill -HUP 1
      

·í±z°õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O«e¡A±z¤@©w­n§¹¥þ§â X Window Ãö±¼¡C¦pªG±z¤£³o»ò°µªº ¸Ü¡A±zªº¨t²Î¥i¯à·|¦b±z°õ¦æ kill ©R¥O«á¥X²{·í±¼©ÎÂꦺªº±¡ªp¡C

¦pªG±z¿Ã¹õ¤W¥¿¦bÅã¥Ü X Window ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î Ctrl-Alt-F1 µ¥«öÁä¨Ó¤Á ´«¨ì virtual console ¡Cª`·N¡A¤@¥¹±z±q X Window ¤Á´«¨ì¥ô¤@­Ó virtual console ¤§«á¡A±z´N¥i¥H¥u¥Î Alt- ¥\¯àÁä¨Ó¤Á´«¨ì¨ä¥L virtual terminal ©Î ¬O¤Á¦^ X Window ¡C±z¤£¥²¦P®É«öµÛ Ctrl Áä¡C¦pªG¦b¤ñ¸ûªºª©¥»¤¤±z¥Î Ctrl Áä¨Ó¤Á¦^ X Window ªº¸Ü¡A±z·|µo²{±zªº¤å¦r¿Ã¹õ³Q¥d¦b "control-lock" ¼Ò¦¡¤U¡C±z¥u»Ý­n¦A«ö¤@¦¸±±¨îÁä´N¥i¥H«ì´_­ìª¬¡C

¦³¨âºØ¤èªk¥i¥H±Ò°Ê xdm ¡C¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O±q /etc/ttys ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò man page ¤¤ªº½d¨Ò¡F¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¦b rc.local °õ¦æ xdm ¡A©Î¬O¦b /usr/local/etc/rc.d ©ñ¤@­Ó X.sh ¡C³o¨â ºØ¤èªk³£¬O¦Xªkªº¡A¦pªG±z¸Õ¬Y¤@ºØ¤èªkµL®Äªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¸Õ¸Õ¥t¥~¤@ºØ¡C³o¨â ºØ¤èªkªºµ²ªG¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡GX ·|Åã¥Ü¤@­Ó¹Ï§Î¤Æªº login: ´£¥Ü¡C

¥Î ttys ªº¤èªkªºÀuÂI¡A¦b©ó«ü©ú¤F X ¦b±Ò°Ê®É¨ì©³¬O¥Î¨º­Ó vty¡A¨Ã¥B±N logout ®É­«·s±Ò°Ê X server ªº³d¥ô¥áµ¹ init¡C rc.local ªº¤èªk«h¬O¦b·í±Ò °Ê X ¥X¤F°ÝÃD®É¡A¥i¥H«Ü»´ÃP¦a§â xdm ±þ±¼¨Ó¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¡C

¦pªG¬O¥Î rc.local ªº¤èªk¡A¦b°õ¦æ xdm ®É±z¤£¯à¥[¥ô¦ó°Ñ¼Æ¡]¤]´N ¬O¶]¦¨ daemon¡^¡C¥²¶·¦b getty °õ¦æ«á¤~¯à±Ò°Ê xdm¡A§_«h getty ©M xdm ·| ¤¬¬Û½Ä¬ð¦ÓÂê¦í console¡C³Ì¦nªº¤è¦¡¬O¦b script ¤¤¥[­Ó sleep¡AÅý¥¦¼È°± 10 ¬íÄÁ¥ª¥k¡A±µµÛ¤~°õ¦æ xdm¡C

«e¤@ª©ªº FAQ »¡±z¥²¶·§â±z·QÅý X ¨Ï¥Îªº vt ¥[¨ì /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers Àɸ̥h¡C³o¬O¤£¥²­nªº¡GX ·|¦Û °Ê¨Ï¥Î²Ä¤@­Ó§ä¨ìªº¥i¥Î vt ¡C

¦pªG±z¬O¥Î startx ¨Ó±Ò°Ê X ªº¸Ü¡A/dev/console ªºÅv­­¨Ã¤£·|§ïÅÜ¡Aµ²ªG´N¬O xterm -C ©M xconsole ³oÃþªºµ{¦¡µLªk¥¿±`°õ¦æ¡C

³o¤@¤Áªº°ÝÃD¡A³£¬O¦]¬° console ªºÅv­­¬O±Ä¥Î¨t²Î¹w³]­È¡C¦b¤@­Ó¦h¨Ï¥Î ªÌªº¨t²Î¸Ì¡A§Ú­Ì¤£§Æ±æ¨C­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¥i¥Hª½±µ¼g¤J¨t²Î console ¡C¦pªG¨Ï ¥ÎªÌ¬O±q¾÷¾¹ªº VTY ª½±µ login ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò fbtab ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³oÃþªº°ÝÃD¡C

²³æ¦a»¡¡A½Ð½T«O /etc/fbtab ³o­ÓÀɮפ¤ªº³o¤@¦æ¨S¦³³Qµù¸Ñ±¼¡G

        /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console
      

³o¤@¦æ³]©wªº¦s¦b¥i¥H½T«O±q /dev/ttyv0 µn¤Jªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H±±¨î console ¡C

±zªº·Æ¹«©M±zªº·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥i¯à¦s¦b¦³¤£¦P¨Bªº²{¶H¡C

¦b 2.2.5 ¥H¤Î§ó¦­ªº¨t²Î¸Ì¡A±q X ¤Á¨ì virtual terminal µM«á¦A¤Á¦^¨Ó ´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥¦­Ì­«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD±`±`µo¥Íªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¦b±zªº ®Ö¤ß³]©wÀɤ¤¥[¤J¤U­±³o­Ó¿ï¶µµM«á­«·s½sĶ¡G

        options PSM_CHECKSYNC
      

¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡ªº¸gÅç¡A½Ð¬Ý ¦Û­q®Ö¤ß ³o¤@¸`¡C

¥[¤W³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¥H«á¡A·Æ¹«©M·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¶¡ªº¦P¨B°ÝÃDÀ³¸Ó´N¤ñ¸û¤£·|¥X²{ ¤F¡C¦pªG³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤´µM¦s¦bªº¸Ü¡A¦b²¾°Ê·Æ¹«®É«ö«ö·Æ¹««öÁä¥i¥H¨Ï·Æ¹«©M·Æ ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡­«·s°µ¦P¨Bªº°Ê§@¡C

¸Óª`·Nªº¬O³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¨Ã¤£¬O¹ï¨C¤@­Ó¨t²Î³£¦³®Ä¡A¥¦¥i¯à·|Åý±µ¦b PS/2 ·Æ ¹«¦ì¸mªº ALPS GlidePoint ¸Ë¸m¥¢¥h "tap" ³o¶µ¥\¯à¡C

¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¨ä«áªºª©¥»¡A¦P¨Bªº½T»{¤w¸g¦³¤F¸û¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¿ìªk¡A¦Ó¥B³o¨Ç³£ ¤w¸g¬O PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº¼Ð·Ç¤F¡C³o­Ó¤èªk¤]¥i¥H¦b GlidePoint ¤W¥¿±`¤u §@¡C (¦]¬°½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½X¤w¸g¦¨¬°¤@­Ó¼Ð·Ç¥\¯à¡A©Ò¥H¦b³o¨Çª©¥»¤¤§Ú­Ì¤£¦b´£ ¨Ñ PSM_CHECKSYNC ªº¿ï¶µ¤F¡C) ¤£¹L¦b·¥¤Ö¼Æªº®×¨Ò¤¤¡A³o¨ÇÅX°Êµ{¦¡·|»~³ø ¦P¨B©Ê¿ù»~¡AµM«á±z´N·|¬Ý¨ì³o¼Ëªº®Ö¤ß°T®§¡G

        psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)
      

µM«á±z´N·|µo²{±zªº·Æ¹«¤£¯à¥¿±`¹B§@¤F¡C

¦pªG±zµo¥Í¤F³o¼Ëªºª¬ªp¡A±z¥²¶·Âǥѧâ PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº flag ³]¦¨ 0x100 ¨Ó§â¦P¨B½T»{ªºµ{¦¡½Xµ¹¨ú®ø±¼¡CµM«á¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î "-c" ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J UserConfig¡G

        boot: -c
      

µM«á¡A¦b UserConfig ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J¡G

        UserConfig> flags psm0 0x100
        UserConfig> quit
      

¦³¤@¨Ç³ø§i«ü¥X¬Y¨Ç¼tµPªº PS/2 ·Æ¹«¥u¯à¦b "°ª¸ÑªR«×" ª¬ºA¤U¤~¯à¹B§@ ¡C¦pªG¤£¬Oªº¸Ü¡A·Æ¹«´å¼Ð·|±`±`¶]¨ì¿Ã¹õªº¥ª¤W¨¤¥h¡C

«D±`¤£©¯ªº¡A³o­Ó°ÝÃD¦b 2.0.X ©M 2.1.X ¤U¬OµL¸Ñªº¡C¦b 2.2 ¨ì 2.2.5 ª©¡A±z¥i¥H¹ï /sys/i386/isa/psm.c ¨Ï¥Î¤U¦C patch µM«á­««Ø±zªº ®Ö¤ß¡C¦pªG±z¨S¦³«Ø¥ß®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡ªº¸gÅç¡A½Ð¬Ý ¦Û­q®Ö¤ß ³o¸`¡C

diff -u psm.c.orig psm.c
@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@
     if (verbose >= 2)
  log(LOG_DEBUG¡A"psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n",
      unit¡Ai);
+    set_mouse_resolution(sc->kbdc¡APSMD_RES_HIGH);
+
 #if 0
     set_mouse_scaling(sc->kbdc);  /* 1:1 scaling */
     set_mouse_mode(sc->kbdc); /* stream mode */
      

¦b 2.2.6 ¤Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡A¦b PS/2 ·Æ¹«ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤¤³]©w 0x04 ªº flag ·| §â·Æ¹«³]¦¨°ª¸ÑªR«×¼Ò¦¡¡C¦b¶}¾÷´£¥Ü²Å¸¹®É¥Î "-c" ¿ï¶µ¨Ó¶i¤J UserConfig¡G

        boot: -c
      

µM«á¡A¦b UserConfig ªº©R¥O¦C¤¤Áä¤J¡G

        UserConfig> flags psm0 0x04
        UserConfig> quit
      

«e¤@¸`¦³´£¨ì¥t¤@­Ó¥i¯à¾É­P·Æ¹«°ÝÃDªº­ì¦]¡C

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• FreeBSD 3.1

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            load kernel
            load -t splash_image_data /boot/splash.bmp
            load splash_bmp
            autoboot
        

  
  
  

• FreeBSD 3.2 ¥H«áªºª©¥»

  °£¤F¥[¤J¹ï PCX Àɮתº¤ä´©¥~¡AFreeBSD 3.2 ¤]§ï¶i¤F¶}¾÷µ{§Çªº³]©w ¤è¦¡¡C¦pªG±zÄ@·Nªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¥Î¤W­z FreeBSD 3.1 ªº¤èªk¡A±N splash_bmp ´«¦¨ splash_pcx ¨Ó¸ü¤J PCX ÀɮקY¥i¡C ¦pªG·Q¥Î·sªº³]©w¤è¦¡¡A±zªº /boot/loader.rc ¥²¶·¥]¬A³o´X¦æ¡G

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            start
        

  
  
  

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            bitmap_load="YES"
            bitmap_name="/boot/splash.pcx"
        

  
  
  

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¥H¤U¬O Glen Foster´£¨Ñªº²M³æ:

        Vendor          Model
        ----------------------------------------------
        ASUS            PCI-L101-TB
        Accton          ENI1203
        Cogent          EM960PCI
        Compex          ENET32-PCI
        D-Link          DE-530
        Dayna           DP1203, DP2100
        DEC             DE435, DE450
        Danpex          EN-9400P3
        JCIS            Condor JC1260
        Linksys         EtherPCI
        Mylex           LNP101
        SMC             EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)
        SMC             EtherPower (Model 8432)
        TopWare         TE-3500P
        Zynx            ZX342
      

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§AÀ³¸Ó¥ý¬Ý¬Ý ppp man page ©M ppp ¨Ï¥Î»¡©ú¡C¨Ï¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¨Ó¥´¶}°O¿ý (logging) ªº¥\¯à

        set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command
      

³o­Ó©R¥O¥i¥H¦b ppp command prompt ©ÎªÌ¬O¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ²ÕºAÀɮפ¤¥[¤J¡C (¥[¦b default section ªº¶}ÀY³Ì¦n). ½T©w¦b /etc/syslog.conf ¸Ì­±¦³³o»ò¤@¦æ:

        !ppp
        *.*              /var/log/ppp.log
      

¦Ó¥B/var/log/ppp.log ³o­ÓÀɮצs¦b¡C ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó §A¥i¥H±q log Àɮפ¤ª¾¹D¨ì©³µo¥Í¤F¤°»ò¨Æ±¡¡C ¥ý¤£¥Î¾á¤ßÀɮתº¤º®e§A¬Ý¤£À´¡A¦pªG§A­n¦V¤H¨D±Ïªº¸Ü ¡A±Ï§Aªº¤H·|¬Ý±oÀ´ªº¡C

¦pªG§A¨t²Î¤Wªº¨º¥÷ ppp ¤£´£¨Ñ "set log" ªº«ü¥Oªº¸Ü¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¥h¤U¸ü ³Ì·sª©¥»¡C ³o­Óª©¥»¦b FreeBSD 2.1.5 ¥H¤Wªºª©¥»³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C

·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î³q±`¬O§Aªº hostname ¨S¦³¿ìªk¸Ñ¥X¨Ó¡C¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD ³Ì¦nªº¿ìªk¬O½T©w /etc/hosts ·|³Q§Aªº resolver ²Ä¤@­Ó°Ñ¦Ò¨ì¡C §A¥i¥H­×§ï/etc/host.conf ¨Ã¥B§âhosts ©ñ¨ì³Ì«e­±¡C±µµÛ¡A¥u­n§â§Aªº¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ©ñ¨ì /etc/hosts ¸Ì­±´N¥i¥H¤F¡C¦pªG§A¨S¦³ local network ªº¸Ü¡A­×§ï localhost ³o¤@¦æ¡G

127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost
        

§_«h¡A´N§â§A¥D¾÷ªº¸ê°T¥[¤JÀɮפ¤¡C§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¬ÛÃöªº man pages ¥HÀò±o¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡C

¦pªG§A¶¶§Qªº§¹¦¨³o¨Ç°Ê§@¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦¨¥\ªº°õ¦æ ping -c1 `hostname` ¡C

­º¥ý½T©w§Aªº¤º©w¸ô¥Ñ (default route) ¬O§_¦³³]©w¡C¤U netstat -rn ³o­Ó«ü¥O¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¯à°÷¬Ý¨ì¦p¥H¤U½d¨Òªº¨â­Ó entries¡G

Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
default            10.0.0.2           UGSc        0        0      tun0
10.0.0.2           10.0.0.1           UH          0        0      tun0
        

³o¨Ç³]©w¬O°²³]±z¨Ï¥Îªº address ¸ò handbook ¸Ì­±ªº¡B©Î¬O man page ªº½d¨Ò¡B©ÎªÌ©M ppp.conf.sample ¸Ìªº³]©w¬Û¦P¡C¦pªG±z¨S¦³³]©w default route¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à±z²{¦b¨Ï¥Îª©¥»ªº ppp¡Aªº ppp ·|¬Ý¤£À´ ppp.conf ¸Ìªº HISADDR¡C¦pªG±zªº¨t²Î ppp ¬O¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªº¸Ü¡A­×§ï³o¤@¦æ

          add 0 0 HISADDR
        

¦¨¬°

          add 0 0 10.0.0.2
        

default route ³o¦æ¨S¦³¥X²{ªº¥t¤@­Ó­ì¦]¬O§A³]¿ù¤F default router¡A³o­Ó³]©w¦b /etc/rc.conf Àɮפ¤(³o­ÓÀɮצb release 2.2.2 «e¥s /etc/sysconfig)¡A§A»Ý­n¦b ppp.conf ¤¤¥[¤J³o »ò¤@¦æ

          delete ALL
        

¦pªGµo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î¡A¦^¨ì handbook userppp ³Ì«á³]©w ªº»¡©ú¤¤¬d¸ß¡C

³o­Óª¬ªp³q±`¬O¦]¬°¯Ê¤Ö¤F³o¬q³]©w

          MYADDR:
            delete ALL
            add 0 0 HISADDR
        

½ÐÀˬd±zªº /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup Àɮפ¤¬O§_¦³³o¨Ç³]©w¡C ¥u¦³¦b±z¨Ï¥Î°ÊºA IP(dynamic IP) ©Î¤£ª¾¹D±z gateway ªº IP ®É¤~»Ý­n ³]©w³o­Ó¡C¦pªG±z¬O¨Ï¥Î interactive mode ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¦b¶i¤J packet mode «á¿é¤J¦p¤U©R¥O(¦pªG ppp ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹Åܦ¨¤j¼gªº PPP¡A«K¥Nªí¤w ¸g¶i¤J packet mode)¡G

          delete ALL
          add 0 0 HISADDR
        

±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò handbook ¤¤ PPP ©M°ÊºA IP ¦ì§} ªº³¡¥÷¡A¦³¸û¸ÔºÉªº»¡©ú¡C

ppp ¹w³]ªº timeout ­È¬O¤T¤ÀÄÁ¡C¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U³o¦æ©R¥O½Õ¾ã

          set timeout NNN
        

³o¥Nªí¦pªG¦b NNN ¬í¤ººô¸ô³£¨S¦³°ÊÀRªº¸Ü¡Appp ´N·|¦Û°ÊÃö³¬ ³s½u¡C¦pªG NNN ³]¦¨ 0¡A¨º»ò±N¤£·|¦]¬°¨S¦³¸ê®Æ¨Ó©¹¦ÓÃö³¬³s½u¡C §A¥i¥H§â³o¦æ©R¥O©ñ¨ì ppp.conf ³o­ÓÀɮ׸̭±¡A©Î¬O¦b interactive mode ¸Ì­±¿é¤J³o­Ó«ü¥O¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î telnet ©Î pppctl ³s¨ì ppps ¦øªA¾¹ªº socket¡A¦b³s½u«áÀH®É½Õ¾ã timeout ªº­È¡C°Ñ¦Ò ppp man page ¥HÀò±o§ó¸ÔºÉªº¸ê®Æ.

¦pªG±z³]©w­n¥Î Link Quality Reporting(LQR)¡A±z©M¹ï¤è¥D¾÷¤§¶¡´N ¦³¥i¯à¿ò¥¢¤Ó¦hªº LQR «Ê¥]¡CPpp ·|¦]¦¹§PÂ_¹q¸Ü½u¸ô¦³°ÝÃD¡AµM«á´N·| ¤ÁÂ_³s½u¡C¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ª©¥H«e¡A¤º©w·|¨Ï¥Î LQR¡A²{¦bªº¤º©w­È¬O ¤£¥Î¡CLQR ¥i¥H¥Î³o¤@¦æ©R¥O¨ú®ø

          disable lqr
        

¦³®É­Ô¦pªG½u¸ô¤W¦³¤Ó¦hÂø°T¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Î¤F¹q¸Ü´¡¼·ªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A ±zªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±N·|±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦»~»{³o¨Ç°T®§¬O lost carrier¡C

¤j³¡¤Àªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³£¦³®e§Ô¼È®É¥¢¥h carrier ªº³]©w¡C¥H USR Sportster ¬°¨Ò¡A¥¢¥h carrier ©M±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¤§¶¡ªº®É¶¡¡A¬O¥H 1/10 ¬í¬°³æ¦ì¦s¦b S10 ¼È¦s¾¹¤¤¡C¦pªG­nÅý±zªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¯à®e§Ô§óªøªº®É¶¡¡A§A¥i¥H¦b dial string ¸Ì­±¥[¤J¥H¤U "°e¥X©R¥O - µ¥«Ý¦r¦ê" ªº³¡¥÷¡G

          set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"
        

°Ñ¦Ò¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤ºªþªº»¡©ú®Ñ¥H¨ú±o§ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¡C

³\¦h¤Hªº³s½u·|²@µL¨Ó¥Ñªº¥d¦í¡A­º¥ý­n°µªº¬O§ä¥X³s½u¨º¤@¤è·í±¼¡C

¦pªG¥Îªº¬O¥~±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A´N¥Î ping ¨Ó¬Ý¦b¶Ç¸ê®Æ®É¡ATD ¿O¸¹ ·|¤£·|°{¡C¦pªG·|ªº¸Ü¡]¨Ã¥B RD ¤£·|°{¡^¡A¥Nªí¬O¹ï¤è¥X°ÝÃD¡F¦pªG ¤£·|¡A«h¬O¦Û¤vªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG¥Î¤º±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¥ý¦b ppp.conf ¤¤¥[¤J set server ³o¹D«ü¥O¡A·í³s½u·í±¼®É¡A°õ¦æ pppctl ³s¨ì ppp¡C¦pªGºô ¸ô³s½u¬ðµM¦n¤F¡]¦]¬° ppp ¬Ý¨ì¥Î¨Ó¶EÂ_°ÝÃDªº socket¡^©ÎµLªk³s¤W¡]°²³] ¦b¤@¶}©l¥i¥H°õ¦æ set socket ³o¹D«ü¥O¡^¡Aªí¥Ü¥»¦a¥X°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG³s ±o¤W ppp «o¤´µM¤£¯à¥Î¡A¥Î set log local async ¥´¶}¥»¦aªº«D¦P¨B °O¿ý¡A±µµÛ¦b¥t¤@­Óµøµ¡¡]©Î²×ºÝ¾÷¡^°õ¦æ ping ¦b³s½u¤W¶Ç°e¸ê®Æ¡C «D¦P¨B°O¿ýªº¥\¯à·|¦P®ÉÅã¥Ü°e¥X©M±µ¦¬ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦pªG¸ê®Æ¥u¥X¤£¶i¡A´N¬O¹ï ¤è¾÷¾¹¥X°ÝÃD¡C

ª¾¹D¬O¥»¦a©Î¹ï¤è¥X°ÝÃD«á¡A´N¦³¨âºØ¥i¯à¡G

¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¥H«eªºª©¥»¤W¡A¤@¥¹³s½u«Ø¥ß§¹¦¨¥H«á¡A ppp ·|µ¥¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹±Ò°Ê Line Control Protocol (LCP)¡C«Ü¦h ISP ¤£·|¦Û°Ê ±Ò°Ê¡A¦Ó¬Oµ¥«Ý¥Ñ client ºÝ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡C­n±j­¢ ppp ¥D°Ê±Ò°Ê LCP¡A½Ð °õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

          set openmode active
        

Note: ³q±`¦pªG¨âÃä³£±Ò°Ê°T®§¥æ´«ªº¸Ü¡A³q±`¤£·|³y¦¨¥ô¦ó°Æ§@ ¥Î¡A©Ò¥H openmode ¥Ø«e¤º©w¬O¥´¶}ªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤U¤@¬q±N¸ÑÄÀ¦b¤°»òª¬ªp¤U ³o¼Ë³]©w ¯uªº ·|³y¦¨°Æ§@¥Î¡C

¦³®É´N¦b³s¤W¤§«á¡A¦b°O¿ýÀÉ·|¬Ý¨ì "magic is the same" ªº°T®§¡C³q ±`³o¨Ç¬OµL®`ªº¡A¦³®É­Ô¬Y¤@ºÝ«h·|Â_½u¡C¤j¦h¼Æªº ppp ¹ê§@µLªk¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó °ÝÃD¡A´Nºâ¦ü¥G³s¤W¤F¡A¦b°O¿ýÀɤ]¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¤@ª½­«½Æªº configure request ©M configure acknowledgement ¤§Ãþªº·¾³q°T®§¡Appp ³Ì«á·|©ñ±ó¦ÓÃö±¼³s ½u¡C

·|µo¥Í³oºØ°ÝÃDªº³q±`±¡ªp¬O¡A¦øªA¾¹¥Î³t«×ºCªºµwºÐ¡B¦b³q°T°ð¤W°õ¦æ getty¡B¨Ã¥Bµ¥¨ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌµn¤J«á¤~¥Î script ©Îµ{¦¡°õ¦æ ppp¡F¤]¦³Å¥»¡¥Î slirp ´N¤@©w·|µo¥ÍÃþ¦ü°ÝÃDªº³ø§i¡C­ì¦]¬O¦b getty µ²§ô©M ppp ¶}©l°õ¦æ ªº³o¬q®É¶¡¤º¡Aclient ºÝªº ppp ¶}©l°e¥X Line Control Protocol(LCP) «Ê ¥]¡A¥Ñ©ó¦øªA¾¹³q°T°ðªº ECHO ¤´¦b¥´¶}ª¬ºA¡Aclient ºÝªº ppp ´N·|¬Ý¨ì°e ¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Ó¡C

¦b¥Î LCP ·¾³q®É¡A¦³³¡¥÷¬O­n³s½u¨âÃä¤À§O«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº magic number¡A ¨Ó°»´ú¤ÎÁקK«Ê¥]³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Óªºª¬ªp¡C¨ó©w¼Ð·Ç¤¤»¡·í¹ï¤è¸Õ¹Ï¥Î©M¦Û¤v ¬Û¦Pªº magic number ·¾³q®É¡A­n°eµ¹¹ï¤è¤@­Ó NAK ªº°T¸¹¡]ªí¥Ü¤£±µ¨ü¡^¡A ±µµÛ¹ï¤è´N·|¿ï¥t¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r¡C¦ý¦b¦øªA¾¹³q°T°ð ECHO ¤´¥´¶}ªº³o¬q´Á¶¡¡A client ºÝªº ppp °e¥X LCP «Ê¥]¡A¬Ý¨ì¬Û¦Pªº magic number¡A©ó¬O°e¥X NAK °T¸¹¡C³o­Ó NAK ¤]·|³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Ó¡A³Q»~»{¥Ñ¹ï¤è°e¥X¡A¦]¦¹ client ºÝ·|§ïÅܦۤvªº magic number¡C³o¼Ë magic number ªºÅܰʦ¸¼Æ·|«D±`¦a¦h¡A ¨Ã¥B¤]¥þ³£¦s¦b¹ï¤èªº²×ºÝ¾÷½w½Ä°Ï¤¤¡C·í¦øªA¾¹±Ò°Ê ppp ®É¡A¥¦°¨¤W´N ³Q magic number ªº¤j¶q§ó°Ê©Ò²T¨S¡A¨Ã¥B¡]´X¥G¬O¥ß¨è¡^¨M©w¤w¸g¸Õ°÷¤F LCP ¦Ó©ñ±ó¡F¦b³o´Á¶¡¡Aclient ºÝÁöµM¦A¤]¬Ý¤£¨ì³Q¤Ï¼uªº«Ê¥]¡A¦ý«o¨Ó±o ¤Î¬Ý¨ì¦øªA¾¹§â¹q¸Ü½u±¾±¼¡C

¤¹³\Åý¹ï¤è¨Ó§@ LCP ·¾³q¥i¥HÁקK³oºØ±¡§Î¡A¦b ppp.conf ¤¤¥[¤U­±³o ¤@¦æ¡G

          set openmode passive
        

³o¦æ§i¶D ppp ¥Ñ¹ï¤è¨Ó±Ò°Ê LCP¡A¤£¹L¦³¨Ç¦øªA¾¹¥Ã»·³£¤£·|¥D°Ê·¾³q ¡A¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A¥i¥H³o»ò³]©w¡G

          set openmode active 3
        

³o¬O­n ppp µ¥­Ó¤T¬íÄÁ¡AµM«á¦A¶}©l°e LCP ¬ÛÃö­n¨D¡C¦pªG¹ï¤è¦b³o ¬q®É¶¡°e¥X LCP «Ê¥]¡Appp ´N¤£·|µ¥¨¬¤T¬í¦Ó¥ß¨è¦^À³¡C

¥Ø«e ppp ¦b¹ê§@¤W¦³­Ó·|¥X°ÝÃDªº "¥\¯à"¡A¤£·|±N LCP¡BCCP & IPCP ³o´XºØ«Ê¥]ªº¦^À³©M­ì¥ý­n¨D§@¹ï·Ó¡Cµ²ªG¬O¦pªG¦³¤@¤èªº ppp ±Ò°Ê®É¤ñ¹ï¤èºC¤F¤»¬í¥H¤W¡A¹ï¤è·|¦b¨ä¶¡¦h°e¥X¨â­Ó LCP ªº³]©w ­n¨D¡A«áªG¬Û·íÄY­«¡C

°²³]¦³¨âºÝ A ©M B ³£¦b°õ¦æ ppp¡AA ¦b³s½u«á¥ß¨è °e¥X LCP ­n¨D¡AB «hªá¤F¤C¬í¤~¶}©l¡A©Ò¥H·í B ±Ò°Ê®É¡AA ¦­¤w°e¥X¤T­Ó LCP REQ(request)¡C§Ú­Ì¤]°²³]³s½u¤w±N ECHO Ãö±¼¡A§_«h´N ·|¬Ý¨ì¤W­Ó°ÝÃD´£¨ìªº magic number °ÝÃD¡CB ±Ò°Ê®É¤]·|°e¥X REQ¡A ¦P®É¹ï A °e¥Xªº²Ä¤@­Ó REQ ¦^À³¡A°e¥X ACK(acknowledge)¡CA ¦¬¨ì³o ­Ó ACK «á·|¶i¤J OPENED ª¬ºA¡A¦P®É¤]¹ï B ªº²Ä¤@­Ó REQ °e¥X ACK¡C¦ý¦b³o¬q´Á¶¡¡AB ·|¬Ý¨ì A ¤§«e¦h°e¥Xªº¨â­Ó REQ¡A¦]¦Ó¤] ¥H¨â­Ó ACK ¦^À³¡CB ±µµÛ¬Ý¨ì A ¶Ç¨Óªº²Ä¤@­Ó ACK¡A¦]¦¹¤]¶i¤J OPENED ª¬ºA¡C¦ý³o®É A ¦¬¨ì B ¦h°eªº¨â­Ó ACK¡C®Ú¾Ú RFC ªº³W©w¡A·|¹ï²Ä¤G­Ó ACK °e¥X²Ä¥|­Ó REQ ¦Ó¦^¨ì REQ-SENT ª¬ºA ¡]¦A­«½Æ¤@¦¸ REQ-ACK ªº¹Lµ{¡^¡A¦ý¤@¬Ý¨ì²Ä¤T­Ó ACK¡AA ¥H¬°¬O B ¦^À³­è­è°e¥Xªº REQ¡A¤S¶i¤J OPENED ª¬ºA¡C¦¹®É B ¦¬¨ì A µo¥Xªº²Ä¥|­Ó REQ¡A®Ú¾Ú RFC¡A·|¹ï³o­Ó REQ °e¥X ACK¡AµM«á¦A°e¥X ²Ä¤G­Ó REQ¡]¤]¬O¦A­«½Æ¤@¦¸ REQ-ACK ªº¹Lµ{¡^¡CA ¦¬¨ì³o­Ó REQ «á ·|¦A­«·s°e REQ ¦Ó¦^¨ì REQ-SENT ª¬ºA¡A±µµÛ¤S¦¬¨ì ACK ¦Ó¶i¤J OPENED ª¬ºA¡C¦]¦¹Âù¤è³£·|¥H¬°¦¬¨ìªº ACK ¬O¹ï¤è¦^À³­è­è°e¥X¥hªº REQ¡A³Ì«á A ·|¤@ª½¦b OPENED ©M REQ-SENT ¨âºØª¬ºA¶¡¤Á ´«¡A¹ï B «h¬O OPENED ©M ACK-SENT¡C

³oºØ´c©Ê´`Àô·|¤@ª½«ùÄòµÛ¡Aª½¨ì¦³¤@¤èµo²{¦Û¤v¦b­ì¦a¥´Âà¦Ó©ñ±óÄ~Äò ¤U¥h¡C

ÁקK³oºØ±¡ªpªº³Ì¦n¤è¦¡¡A¬O±N¬Y¤@ºÝ³]¦¨³Q°Ê¼Ò¦¡¡Ð¤]´N¬Oµ¥¥t¤@ ¤è¥ý¶}©l·¾³q¡A¥Î³o¹D©R¥O¡G

          set openmode passive
        

¥Î³o­Ó¿ï¶µ®É­n¤p¤ß¡AÀ³¸Ó©M³o­Ó©R¥O¤@°_¥Î¡G

          set stopped N
        

³o·|³]©w ppp µ¥«Ý¹ï¤è¶}©l·¾³qªº®É¶¡¤W­­¡A¥t¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O¥Î¡G

          set openmode active N
        

¨ä¤¤ N ¬O¦b¥D°Ê·¾³q¤§«e¥ýµ¥«Ýªº¬í¼Æ¡Aman page ¦³§ó¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C

¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªºª©¥»¡A¦³¥i¯à¦]¬° ppp ¦b³B²z Predictor1 À£ÁY®Éµo¥Í¿ù»~¡A¨Ï±o¦b³s½u«á°¨¤W´N¥d¦í¡C¥u¦³·í³s½uÂù¤è³£¸Õ¹Ï¥Î¤£¦P ºØ Compression Control Protocol(CCP) ·¾³q®É¡A¤~·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î¡C³o­Ó °ÝÃD¤w¸g¸Ñ¨M¤F¡A¦ý¦pªG¤´¦b¥Îª©ªº ppp¡A¥i¥H¥Î³oºØ¤èªkÁקK¡G

          disable pred1
        

¦b¥Î shell ©Î ! ©R¥O®É¡Appp ·|°õ¦æ shell(ppp ¤]·|§â§A«ü©wªº°Ñ¼Æ¶Çµ¹ shell)¡APpp ·|µ¥¨ì³o¨Ç©R¥Oµ²§ô«á¤~Ä~Äò¡C¦pªG ¦³¨Ï¥Î¨ì ppp ³s½uªº©R¥O¡A³s½u·|¹³¬O³Q­á¦í¤F¡A³o¬O¦]¬° ppp ¥¿¦b µ¥³o¨Ç«ü¥Oµ²§ô¡C

¦pªG·Q°õ¦æµ{¦¡¡A¥Î !bg ³o­Ó©R¥O¡A¥¦·|§âµ{¦¡¥á¨ì­I´º°õ¦æ¡Appp ±µµÛ´N¯àÄ~Äò«O«ù³s½u¡C

¥Ñ©ó null-modem ¥»¨­¥Îªº½u§÷¡Appp ¨S¦³¿ìªk¦Û°Ê¨M©w¬O§_ ¬Y­Óª½±µ³s½u¤w¸gÂ_±¼¡C·í¨Ï¥Î³oÃþ¤è¦¡ªº³s½u®É¡A¤@©w­n¥´¶} LQR¡G

          enable lqr
        

¤º©w¬O·|±µ¨ü LQR¡A¦pªG¹ï¤è¥Î¥¦¨Ó·¾³qªº¸Ü¡C

¦pªG ppp «D¹w´Á¦a¼½¸¹¡A´N¥²¶·­n§ä¥X­ì¦]¡AµM«á³]©w¼½¸¹¹LÂo ¾¹¡]dfilter, Dial filter¡^¨ÓÁקK³oºØ±¡§Î¡C

­n§ä¥X­ì¦]¡A¥ý¥Î³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

          set log +tcp/ip
        

³o¼Ë·|°O¿ý¸g¥Ñ³s½uªº©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡C¤U¦¸¦pªG¤SµL¬G¼½¸¹¡A´N¥i¥H±q°O¿ý ®ÇÃ䪺®É¶¡«Ü§Ö§ä¨ì­ì¦]¡C

²{¦b¥i¥HÁקK¦]¬°³o¨Ç­ì¦]¼½¸¹¡C³q±`¬O¦b§@ DNS ¬d¸ß®É¤~·|µo¥Í³oºØ °ÝÃD¡A­nÁקK¦] DNS ¬d¸ß¦Ó³s½u¡]³o¼Ë¤£·|¨Ï ppp ¦b³s½uª¬ºA ¤U¾×±¼³o¨Ç«Ê¥]¡^¡A¥Î¤U­±³o´X¦æ¡G

          set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
          set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
          set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0
        

³oºØ°µªk¨Ã¤£¥Ã»·¾A¥Î¡A¦]¬°¥¦¨Æ¹ê¤W¨Ï±o§AµLªk¥Î demand-dial ¥\¯à ¡Ð ¤j³¡¥÷µ{¦¡¦b°µºô¸ô¬ÛÃö°Ê§@«e³£·|¥Î¨ì DNS ¬d¸ß¡C

¦b DNS ³o­Ó±¡ªp¤U¡AÀ³¸Ó¸ÕµÛ§ä¥X¨ì©³¬O½Ö·Q­n¸Ñ¥X¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡A³q±`´X ¥G³£¬O¥Ñ sendmail ©Ò³y¦¨¡A©Ò¥H­n¦b sendmail ³]©wÀɤ¤«ü¥Ü¥¦¤£­n°µ¥ô¦ó DNS ¬d¸ß¡C¦b Mail ³]©w ¤@¸`¤¤¦³¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¦p¦ó§@¥X ¦Û¤vªº³]©wÀÉ¡B¤Î¸Ì­±À³¸Ó©ñ­þ¨Ç³]©w¡A§A¤]³\·Q­n±N¤U¤@¦æ¥[¤J .mc Àɤ¤¡G

          define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl
        

³o·|¨Ï sendmail ¥ý¾×µÛ©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡Aª½¨ì°e«H®É¦A¤@»ô°e¥X¥h¡]³q±` sendmail °õ¦æ®É¬O¥Î ``-bd -q30m'' ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡A§i¶D¥¦¨C¤T¤Q¤ÀÄÁ¤~°e«H¡^ ©Î¬O¦³¤H°õ¦æ ``sendmail -q''¡]¤]³\¥i¥H©ñ¦b ppp.linkup ¸Ì¡^¡C

§Ú¦b log Àɤ@ª½¬Ý¨ì³o¨Ç¿ù»~°T®§¡G

          CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
          CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)
        

³o¬O¦]¬° ppp ¸Õ¹Ï§@ Predictor1 À£ÁY¤è­±ªº·¾³q¡A¦ý¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹«o§¹ ¥þ¤£¥ÎÀ£ÁY¥\¯à¡C³o¨Ç°T®§¬OµL®`ªº¡A¦ý¦pªG¤£·Q¬Ý¨ì¥¦ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H§â¥»¦a ppp ªº Predictor1 À£ÁY¤]¤@°_Ãö±¼¡G

          disable pred1
        

¦b FreeBSD 2.2.2 ¤Î¥ý«eªºª©¥»¤¤¡Atun ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥¦¤£·| ±µ¦¬¨º¨Ç¤j¹L tun ¤¶­± MTU ªº«Ê¥]¡C¦pªG¦¬¨ì¤ñ MTU ¤jªº«Ê¥]¡A¥¦·|¥Î syslogd °O¿ý¬° IO ¿ù»~¡C

¦ý ppp ³W®æ¤¤¦³´£¨ì¡A¤£ºÞ LCP ·¾³qªºµ²ªG¦p¦ó¡AMRU ³Ì¤pªº¥i±µ¨ü ­È¥Ã»·¬O 1500¡C©Ò¥H¦³¥i¯à§A¤£¤p¤ß±N MTU ½Õ§C©ó 1500¡AISP ·|¤£²z¥¦¦Ó°e¥X 1500 ¤j¤pªº«Ê¥]¡AµM«á´N·|IJµo¤W­zªº "¥\¯à"¡C

¦b FreeBSD 2.2.2 ¤Î¤§«eªºª©¥»¤¤¡A¥Ã»·¤£­n±N MTU ½Õ§C©ó 1500¡A´N ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C

¦pªG­n°O¿ý¹q¸£©M¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶¡ªº¨C¤@¦æ ``¹ï¸Ü''¡A¥Î¤U¤@¦æ¥´¶}¡G

          set log +connect
        

³o·|¨Ï ppp °O¿ý©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡Aª½¨ì¼½¸¹¦r¦ê³Ì«á¤@­Óµ¥«Ýªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶Ç¦^­È ¬°¤î¡C

¦pªG¨Ï¥Î PAP ©Î CHAP (¦]¬°¨S¦³ "set login" ©R¥O¡A©Ò¥H³]©wÀɤ¤ CONNECT ¤§«á´N¤£·|¬Ý¨ì¥ô¦ó¹ï¸Ü)¡A·Q­n¬Ý¨ì³s½u³t«×ªº¸Ü¡A½T©w ppp µ¥«Ýªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶Ç¦^­È¬O CONNECT ³o¤@¾ã¦æ¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G

          set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"
        

³o¼Ë¦b¬Ý¨ì CONNECT «á¤£·|°e¥X¥ô¦óªF¦è¡A±µµÛ¦Aµ¥­Ó´«¦æ¦r¤¸¡A±j ­¢ ppp Ū¨ú¦^À³ªº CONNECT ¤@¾ã¦æ¡C

Ppp ·|¥h¤ÀªR³]©wÀɤ¤ªº¨C¤@¦æ¡A³o¼Ë¥¦¤~·|¥¿½T¸ÑŪ¹³¬O set phone "123 456 789" ªº¦r¦ê¡]§AÀ³¸Óª¾¹D³o­Ó¼Æ¦r¥u¬O <¤@­Ó> °Ñ¼Æ¡A¦pªG­n«ü©wÂù¤Þ¸¹ (") ³o­Ó¦r¤¸¡A¥²¶·¦b¥¦«e­±¥Î¤Ï±×½u (\)±N¥¦¹j¶}¡^¡C

·í¸ÑĶµ{¦¡¤ÀªR¨C­Ó°Ñ¼Æ®É¡A¬°¤F§ä¥X¦r¦ê¤¤©Ò¦³¹³¬O ``\P'' ``\T'' ªº¸õ²æ¦r¤¸¡]¨£ man page¡^¡A¥²¶·­«·s¸ÑĶ¸Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡C¦b³oºØÂù­«¤ÀªR¤§¤U¡A §A¥²¶·°O±o¥Î¥¿½Tªº¸õ²æ¼Æ¥Ø¡C

°²³]­n¹ï¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°e¥X ``\'' ³o­Ó¦r¤¸¡AÀ³¸Ó¹³¬O¡G

          set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"
        

³o¼Ë«h·|±o¨ì¤U­±³o¦ê¡G

          ATZ
          OK
          AT\X
          OK
        

¦pªG¬O

          set phone 1234567
          set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"
        

«h·|±o¨ì¤U­±µ²ªG¡G

          ATZ
          OK
          ATDT1234567
        

Ppp (©Î¥ô¦óÃþ¦üªºµ{¦¡) À³¸Ó¤£¥i¯à¦³ core dump¡C¥Ñ©ó ppp °õ¦æ®É ªº effective user id ¬O 0 (§Y¥H root ¨­¥÷°õ¦æ)¡A§@·~¨t²Î¦b²×¤î ppp «e¤£·|¹ïºÏºÐ¼g¥¦ªº core ¬M¹³ÀÉ¡C¦pªG ppp ¯uªº¦]¬° segmentation violation ©Î¨ä¥L¤@¯ë·| core dump ªº signal ¦Ó²×¤î¡B¨Ã¥B½T©w¥Î ªº¬O³Ì·sª©¥»(¨£¥»¸`¶}ÀY)¡A¨º»ò§A¥i¥H³o»ò°µ¡G

          $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz
          $ cd ppp*/ppp
          $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile
          $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile
          $ make clean all
          $ su
          # make install
          # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp
        

§A²{¦b¤w¸g¸Ë¤W¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó°£¿ùªº ppp ª©¥»¡A¥Ñ©óÅv­­¤W¨S¦³§@¯S§O³]©w¡A ©Ò¥H¥²¶·¥H root ¨Ó°õ¦æ ppp¡A¶¶«K¤]­nª`·N¬O¦b¨º­Ó¥Ø¿ý°õ¦æªº¡C

²{¦b¦pªG ppp ¸I¨ì¤F segmentation violation¡A´N·|±N coredump ¦s¦b ppp.core Àɤ¤¡A±µ¤U¨Ó´N¬O¡G

          $ su
          # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core
          (gdb) bt
          .....
          (gdb) f 0
          .....
          (gdb) i args
          .....
          (gdb) l
          .....
        

®Ú¾Ú§Aªº°ÝÃD¨Ó¨ú±o¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¡A´N¥i¥H¶EÂ_°ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì¡C

¦pªG¼ô±x gdb¡A¤]³\·|·Q§ä¥X¨ä¥Lªº¸Ô²Ó¸ê®Æ¡A¹³¬O¨º­Ó°Ê§@³y¦¨ dump¡B¤Î¬ÛÃöÅܼƪº¦ì§}¤Î¼Æ­Èµ¥¡C

³o¬O³]©w ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¦V¹ï¤è¨ú±o°ÊºA IP ®Éªº¤wª¾°ÝÃD¡A ¦b³Ì·sª©ªº ppp ¤w¸g¸Ñ¨M¤F ¡Ð ¦b man page ¤¤¥Î iface ÃöÁä¦r§ä§ä ¬Ý¡C

·í¥Î¨ìºô¸ôªºµ{¦¡©I¥s connect(2) ®É¡Asocket endpoint ·|³]¦¨ tun ³o­Ó¬É­±ªº IP¡Akernel ±µµÛ²£¥Í­n°e¥X ¥hªº²Ä¤@­Ó«Ê¥]¡A§â¥¦¶Çµ¹ tun¡APpp Ū¨ì³o­Ó«Ê¥]«á´N·|¶}©l«Ø¥ß³s ½u¡C¦pªG ppp ¥Îªº¬O°ÊºA¤À°t IP¡A¨º»ò´N·|§ïÅÜ tun ¬É­±ªº¦ì§}¡A ­ì¥ýªº socket endpoint ´N¦¨¬°¤£¥¿½Tªº­È¡C±µµÛ°e¨ì¹ï¤èªº«Ê¥]³q±`³£·| ³Q¥á±¼¡A´Nºâ¯à¶¶§Q¹F¨ì¹ï¤è¾÷¾¹¡A¥Ñ©ó¸Ó¨Ó·½ IP ¤wµ¹¨ä¥L¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A¥ô¦ó¦^ À³¤]¤£·|³Q¶Ç¦^¥»¦aªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡C

²z½×¤W¡A¦³¦n´XºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG ISP Ä@·N¨C¦¸³£´£¨Ñ¬Û¦P IP ·íµM¬O³Ì¦n :-)¡A¥Ø«eª©¥»ªº ppp ·|°µ¨ì³o¤@ÂI¡A¦ý¤j¦h¼Æªº ppp ¹ê§@¤£·|³o»ò°µ¡C

±q client ºÝ³Ì®e©öªº¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¬O¡A¥Ã»·³£¤£­n§ïÅÜ tun ¬É­±ªº IP ­È¡A ¦ý¬O±N©Ò¦³¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]¨Ó·½ IP ±q­ì¥ýªº tun ¬É­± IP §ï¬°³s½u®É¨ú±oªº IP¡A°ò¥»¤W³o´N¬O³Ì·sª© ppp ¸Ì iface-alias ¿ï¶µªº°µªk¡]¨Ï¥Î ¤F libalias(3) ©M°õ¦æ ppp ®Éªº -alias °Ñ¼Æ¡^¡Ð°O¦í¤§«e©Ò¦³ ¥Î¹Lªº tun ¬É­± IP¡A¦A§â¥þ³¡´«¦¨³Ìªñ¤@¦¸®³¨ìªº¦ì§}¡C

¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¡]¥i¯à¬O³Ì¥i¾a¡^¬O¼g­Ó¥i¥H­×§ï©Ò¦³ socket endpoint ­Èªº system call¡C·í®³¨ì·sªº IP ®É¡APpp ´N¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó­×§ï©Ò¦³°õ¦æµ{¦¡ ©Ò«Ø¥ßªº socket¡C·í DHCP client µ{¦¡¹ï socket ­«·s¨Ï¥Î bind() ®É¡A¤] ¥i¥H¥Î¦P¼Ëªº©I¥s¡C

ÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó¥i¯à«h¬O¤¹³\¤£¥Î IP¡A´N¥i¥H±Ò¥Î¬Y­Óºô¸ô¬É­±¡C°e¥X¥hªº«Ê¥] ¨Ó·½ IP ·|³]¦¨ 255.255.255.255¡Aª½¨ì SIOCAIFADDR ³o­Ó ioctl ²Ä¤@¦¸°õ ¦æ§¹¦¨¬°¤î¡C³o¼Ë·|§¹¥þ³sµ² socket ªº¨âºÝ¡A¦Ó¥Ñ ppp ¨Ó­×§ï¨Ó·½ªº IP ­È¡A¦ý¥u¦³·í­ì¨Ó IP ­È¬O 255.255.255.255 ®É¡B©ÎªÌ IP ­È©M IP °»¿ù ½X»Ý­n­×§ï®É¤~·|¥h§ó°Ê¡C³oºØ¤è¦¡¦³ÂIºâ¬O hack¡A§Y kernel ¥i¥H¹ï¨S³] ©w¦nªº¬É­±°e¥XÃa±¼ªº«Ê¥]¡A¦]¬°°²³]·|¦³¨ä¥L¾÷¨î¥i¥H­×¥¿³oºØ¿ù»~¡C

¹CÀ¸©ÎÃþ¦üµ{¦¡¤£¯à©M libalias ·f°t¨Ï¥Îªº­ì¦]¬O¡A¥~­±ªº¾÷¾¹¸ÕµÛ¹ï µÛ¤º³¡ªº¾÷¾¹¶}±Ò³s½u¡B©Î¡]¤£½Ð¦Û¨Ó¦a¡^°e¥X UDP «Ê¥]¡A¦Ó alias «Ê¥]ªº ³nÅ餣ª¾¹D¥¦À³¸Ó§â³o¨Ç«Ê¥]°e¨ì¸Ì­±ªº¾÷¾¹¥h¡C

¸Ñ¨Mªº¤è¦¡¬O¡A¥ý½T©w²{¦b¥u¦³°õ¦æ¨º­Ó·|¥X°ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡¡AµM«á¦b gateway ¾÷¾¹¤W¹ï tun ¬É­±°õ¦æ tcpdump¡B©Î¦b¤W­±¥´¶}°O¿ý tcp/ip ªº¥\ ¯à¡]``set log +tcp/ip''¡^¡C

¦b±Ò°Ê¥X°ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡®É¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦b gateway ¾÷¾¹¤W¬Ý¨ì¦³«Ê¥]³q¹L¡A·í¥~ ¬É¦³¶Ç¦^«Ê¥]®É«h·|³Q¥á±¼¡]³o´N¬O°ÝÃD©Ò¦b¡^¡C°O¤U³o¨Ç«Ê¥]­n°e¨ì¥Øªº¦a ªº¨º­Ó°ð¡AµM«áÃö±¼µ{¦¡¡C­«½Æ´X¦¸¡A¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_³£­n°e¨ì¦P¼Ë©T©wªº°ð¡A¦pªG ¬Oªº¸Ü¡A¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ¬ÛÃö¦ì¸m¥[¤W³o¤@¦æ¡A´N¥i¨Ïµ{¦¡¥¿½T¹B§@¡G

          alias port proto internalmachine:port port
        

¨ä¤¤ ``proto'' ¬O ``tcp'' ©Î ``udp''¡A``internalmachine'' ¬O­n±µ ¦¬³o¨Ç«Ê¥]ªº¾÷¾¹¡A``port'' «h¬O³o¨Ç«Ê¥]­n°e¨ì¨º­Ó°ð¡C

¦pªG­n¦b¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ¦P¼Ëµ{¦¡¡A¥²¶·­«½Æ¦P¼Ë¹Lµ{­×§ï¤W¤@¦æ³]©w¡A §_«h´N¤£¯à¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡F¤]¤£¥i¯à¦b¨â¥x¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É¨Ï¥Î¡Ð²¦³º¥~¬É¥u¬O§â ³o­Ó¤º³¡ºô¸ô¬Ý¦¨¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¦Ó¤w¡C

¦pªG«Ê¥]¤£¤@©w°e¨ì¦P¼Ëªº°ð¡A§A¦³¤TºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G

1) ¦b libalias ¥[¤J¹ï¥¦ªº¤ä´©¡A /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c ¦³¤@¨Ç ``¯S¨Ò'' ªº¥Ü½d¡]alias_ftp.c ¬O­Ó¤£¿ùªº­ì«¬ÀÉ¡^¡C³q±`¬OŪ¨ú¬Y¨Ç¥i¥H»{±o¥Xªº¥~°e«Ê¥]¡A§ä¥X­n¥~­±³s ¨ì¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¬Y­Ó°ðªº«ü¥O¡AµM«á¦b alias ªí¤¤³]©w ``route''¡A¥H«á¦A¦¬¨ì ³oºØ«Ê¥]´Nª¾¹D­n©¹¨º¸Ì°e¡C

³o¬O³Ì§xÃøªº¸Ñªk¡A¦ý¤]¬O³Ì¦nªº¡A¨Ã¥BÁÙ¥i¥H¦b¦h¥x¾÷¾¹¤W¥Î¦P¼Ëµ{¦¡¡C

2) ¨Ï¥Î proxy¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¸ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤]³\¤ä´© socks5¡A©Î¬O ¦³­Ó ``passive'' ªº¿ï¶µ¡]¹³¬O ``cvsup''¡^¥i¥HÁקK¹ï¤è¦V¤º³¡¾÷¾¹´£¥X ³s½uªº­n¨D¡C

3) ¥Î ``alias addr'' §â©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ³£Â൹¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¡A³o¬O³Ì«á ¤~¥Îªº¼É¤Oªk¡C

²{¦bÁÙ¨S¦³¡A¦ý¥i¥H±N³o¨Ç§Ë¦¨¤@­Ó¦W³æ¡]¦pªG¦³¤H·P¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡^¡C ¦b¤U­±ªº¨Ò¤l¸Ì¡A§â internal ´«¦¨ª±¹CÀ¸¨º¥x¾÷¾¹ªº IP¡C

• Quake

  alias port udp internal:6112 6112

  ¦pªG·Q¥Î¨ä¥L¤è¦¡¡Awww.battle.net ¦³ Quake ¹ï proxy ¤ä´©ªº»¡©ú¡C

• Quake 2

  alias port udp internal:27901 27910

• ¬õ¦âĵ§Ù¡]Red Alert¡

  alias port udp internal:8675 8675

  alias port udp internal:5009 5009

• Half Life

  alias port udp internal:27005 27015

• PCAnywhere 8.0

  alias port udp internal:5632 5632

  alias port tcp internal:5631 5631

FCS ¬O Frame Check Sequence ªºÁY¼g¡C¨C¤@­Ó ppp «Ê¥]³£ªþ¦³°»¿ù½X¨Ó½T©w¦¬¨ìªº¸ê®Æªº½T¬O°e¥Xªº¸ê®Æ¡C¦pªG¶i¨Óªº¬Y­Ó «Ê¥] FCS ¤£¥¿½T¡A´N¥á±¼³o­Ó«Ê¥]¡B¦A§â HDLC ¸Ìªº FCS ­p¼Æ¾¹¥[ 1¡C ¥Î show hdlc «K¥i¬Ý¨ì HDLC ¸Ìªº¦UºØ¿ù»~­p¼Æ­È¡C

¤£¨}½u¸ô(©Î«Ê¥]³Q¦ê¦C°ðªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥á±¼)¦³®É­Ô´N·|µo¥Í FCS ¿ù»~¡A ÁöµM¥¦ªº½T·|¤j¤j©ìºCÀ£ÁY¨ó©w¡A¤£¹L³q±`³o¨S¤°»ò¤j¤£¤F¡C¦pªG§A¥Îªº ¬O¥~±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A½T©w¦³«OÅ@½u¸ô¤£¨ü¥~¬É¤zÂZ ¡Ð ³o¼Ë»¡¤£©w´N¸Ñ¨M¤F¡C

¦pªG¦b³s¤W®É°¨¤W´N­á¦í¡B¨Ã¥BÁ٬ݨì¤@¤j°ï FCS ¿ù»~ªº¸Ü¡A¦³¥i¯à ¬O¦]¬°§Aªº³s½u¨Ã«D¬O 8 bit clean¡C½T©w¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤£¬O¥Î³nÅé¬yµ{±±¨î (XON/XOFF)¡A¦pªG§Aªº³s½u<¤@©w> ­n¥Î³nÅé¬yµ{±±¨îªº¸Ü¡A¥Î set accmap 0x000a0000 ³o¹D©R¥O§i¶D ppp ¸õ¹L ^Q ©M ^S ³o¨â­Ó¦r¤¸¡C

¬Ý¨ì¤@¤j°ï FCS ¿ù»~ªº¥t¤@­Ó­ì¦]¡A¬O³s½u¥t¤@ºÝ¤£¦A¨Ï¥Î PPP ·¾³q¡C³o®É­Ô¤]³\À³¸Ó¥´¶} async ªº°O¿ý¥\¯à¡A¨Ó¨M©w¬O§_¶i¨Óªº ¸ê®Æ¨ä¹ê¬O login ©Î shell ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦pªG¥t¤@ºÝ¬O shell ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A ¥ý°õ¦æ close lcp¡B±µµÛ term ´N¥i¥H­«·s³s±µ¨ì¹ï ¤è¾÷¾¹ªº shell ¤U¡A¦Ó¤£¥Î±¾±¼¹q¸Ü½u¡C

¦pªG°O¿ýÀɸ̨S¦³¥ô¦ó¸ê°T¥i¥H«ü¥Ü³s½u¬°¦óÂ_±¼¡A¨º»ò´N¸Ó°Ý°Ý¥t¤@ ºÝªººÞ²z­û(§Aªº ISP¡H) «ç»ò·|³o¼Ëµ²§ô¡C

¦pªG¤W­±»¡ªº³£¨S¥Î¡A´NºÉ¥i¯à§ä¥X©Ò¦³¸ê°T¡A³o¥]¬A¤F³]©wÀÉ¡B¦p¦ó ±Ò°Ê ppp¡Blog Àɪº¬ÛÃö³¡¥÷¡B³s½u«e«áªº netstat -rn ¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡A§â³o¨Ç°e¨ì freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list ©Î comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc newsgroup¡A³o¼ËÀ³¸Ó´N·|¦³¤H«üÂI ¥¿½Tªº¤è¦V¡C

·í FreeBSD ¶}¾÷ªº®É­Ô¡A¥¦·|®Ú¾Ú±z¦b kernel ¤¤ªº³]©w¨Ó°»´ú±zªº serial port¡C±z¥i¥H¦b³o¨Ç°T®§¥X²{ªº®É­ÔÀˬd¡A¤]¥i¥H¦b¨t²Î¶}¾÷¤§«á¥Î ¤U­±ªº«ü¥O¨ÓÆ[¹î¡G

        dmesg | grep sio
      

³o¸Ì¦³¤@¨Ç¿é¥Xªº½d¨Ò¡G

        sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
        sio0: type 16550A
        sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
        sio1: type 16550A
      

³o¥Nªí±z¦³¨â­Ó serial port¡C²Ä¤@­Ó port ¦û¥Î irq 4¡Aport address ¬O 0x3f8 ¡A¦Ó¥B¥Îªº¬O 16550A «¬ªº UART ´¹¤ù¡C²Ä¤G­Ó port ¥Îªº¬O¦P «¬ªº´¹¤ù¡A¤£¹L¥¦¦û¥Îªº¬O irq 3 ¡A¥¦ªº port address ¦b 0x2f8 ¡C ¤º±µ¦¡ modem ¥d·|³Q¿ëÃѦ¨¬O serial port -- °ß¤@ªº®t§O´N¬O¸Ó port ¤W Á`¬O±µ¤W modem ¦Ó¤w¡C

GENERIC kernel ¤ä´©¨â­Ó serial port ¡A¥¦­Ìªº³]©w­È´N¦p¦P¤W­±ªº ½d¨Ò¤@¼Ë¡C¦pªG±z¨t²Î¤Wªº³]©w¤£¤@¼Ë¡A©ÎªÌ±z¥t¥~±µ¤F¤º±µ¦¡ modem ¥d¡A ©Î¬O±z¨t²Îªº¹ê»Ú serial port ¼Æ¤ñ±z¦b kernel ³]©w¤¤ªºÁÙ­n¦hªº¸Ü¡A±z ¥u­n­«·s«Ø¥ß kernel ´N¦n¤F¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¬Ý ¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß kernel¡C

½Ð¬Ý¤W¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¡C

¤£­nºò±i¡A¥¦­Ì¤w¸g³Q¨Ö¨ì ttydX ¸Ë¸m¤U¥h¤F¡C¤£¹L±zÁÙ¬O±o¨ì¦Û¤v ­×§ï³]©wÀɤ~¯àÅý¥¦­Ì¥¿±`¤u§@¡C

²Ä¤T­Ó serial port¡Asio2 (´N¬O DOS ¤Uªº COM3) ¡A¥H dial-out ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¬Ý¬O¦ì©ó /dev/cuaa2 ¡A¦Ó¥H dial-in ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¬Ý«h¬O¦ì©ó /dev/ttyd2 ¡C³o¨â­Ó¸Ë¸m¦³¤°»ò¤£¦P ©O¡H

±z¦b dial-in ®É¨Ï¥Îªº¬O ttydX ¡C·í±z¥Î block ¼Ò¦¡¶}±Ò /dev/ttydX ®É¡A·|¦³¤@°¦ process ¦b¹ïÀ³ªº cuaaX ¤Wµ¥¥¦ Åܦ¨ inactive ¡AµM«á¤@ª½µ¥¨ì carrier detect line Åܦ¨ active ¬°¤î¡C ·í±z¶}±Ò cuaaX ¸Ë¸m®É¡A¥¦·|¥h½T©w¥Ø«e ttydX ¸Ë¸m¬O¤£¬O¥¿ ¦b¨Ï¥Î serial port¡C¦pªG¥¦¥i¥H¥Îªº¸Ü¡A¥¦´N·|§â serial port ±q ttydX ¸Ë¸m¤â¤¤·m¹L¨Ó¡C¦P¼Ëªº¡AcuaXX ¸Ë¸m¤£·|¥hºÞ carrier detect¡C¦³¤F³o¼Ëªº³]­p¡A¦A¥[¤W¤@¥x·|¦Û°Ê¦^À³ªº modem¡A±z´N¥i¥H¥O¦P ¤@¥x modem ¥i¥H³Q»·ºÝ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ®³¨Óµn¤J¡A±z¦Û¤v¤]¥i¥H®³¨Ó dialout¡A¨t²Î ·|¦Û°ÊÀˬd¬O§_¦³½Ä¬ðªº²{¶H¡C

¦P¼Ëªº¡A¦b kernel ³]©w¨º¤@¸`¦³´£¨ì¦³Ãö³]©w kernel ªº¸ê°T¡C­n³]©w¤@ ±i serial ¦h°ð¥d¡A±z¥²»Ý¦b±zªº kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¬°¨C¤@­Ó serial port ³£³]¤@¦æ sio ªº³]©w¡C¦ý¬O±z¥u¯à¦b¥¦­Ì¤§¤¤¿ï¤@­Ó¨Ó³]©w irq ¥H¤Î vector ¡C¥d¤Wªº©Ò¦³ port ·|¦@¨É¦P¤@­Ó irq ¡C¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡§Ú­Ì³£§â¥¦³]¦b³Ì «á¤@­Ó serial port ¤W¡C¤£­n§Ñ¤F«ü©w COM_MULTIPORT ³o­Ó option ¡C

¤U­±¬O¤@­Ó§â AST 4-port ¥d ³]¦b irq 7 ªº¨Ò¤l¡G

        options "COM_MULTIPORT"
        device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781
        device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781
        device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781
        device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr
      

³o¸Ìªº flags ³]©w¬O«ü master port ªº minor number ¬O 7 (0x700)¡A¦b°»´ú®É°µÀˬd (0x080)¡A¥H¤Î©Ò¦³ªº port ¦@¨É¤@­Ó irq (0x001) ¡C

ÁÙ¨S¤ä´©¡C±z¥²»Ý¬°¨C±i¥d³]©w¤£¦Pªº irq ¡C

³q±`±z·|·Q¬°±zªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¶}±Ò ttydX (©Î¬O cuaaX) ¸Ë¸m¡C·í ¤@­Ó process ¶}±Ò¸Ë¸m¥H«á¡A¥¦·|¦³¤@²Õ¹w³]ªº²×ºÝ¾÷ I/O ³]©w¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î ¤U­±³o­Ó«ü¥O¨ÓÆ[¹î³o¨Ç³]©w

        stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1
      

·í±z§ïÅܤF¬Y­Ó¸Ë¸mªº³]©w«á¡A³o¨Ç³]©w·|¤@ª½§@¥Î¡Aª½¨ì³o­Ó¸Ë¸m³QÃö³¬ ¤F¬°¤î¡C·í¥¦³Q­«¶}±Ò«á¡A¤S¦^¨ì­ì¥ýªº¹w³]­È¤F¡C¦pªG·Q­n§ïÅܹw³]­È¡A±z ¥i¥H¶}±Ò¨Ã­×§ï ``ªì©lª¬ºA'' ¸Ë¸mªº³]©w¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG±z·Q§ïÅÜ ttyd5 ªº¹w³]­È¡A§â CLOCAL ¼Ò¦¡¥´¶}¡A8 bits¡A¨Ã¥B¨Ï¥Î XON/XOFF ¬y¶q±±¨î¡A±z¥i¥H³o¼Ë°µ¡G

        stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff
      

±z¥i¥H¦b /etc/rc.serial ¸Ì°µ³o¼Ëªº³]©w¡C²{¦b¨C¤@­Ó¶}±Ò ttyd5 ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£·|¹w³]¨Ï¥Î³o¨Ç³]©w¤F¡C±z¨ÌµM¥i¥H¥Î¦P¼Ëªº¤èªk ¥h§ïÅܳo¨Ç³]©w¡C

±z¤]¥i¥HÂǥѳ]©w ``Âê©wª¬ºA'' ¸Ë¸m¨Ó¨¾¤î¨ä¥LÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¥h§ó°Ê³o¨Ç³]©w ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A·Q­n§â ttyd5 ªº³t«×Âê©w¦b 57600 bps¡A±z­n³o¼Ë°µ

        stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600
      

³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¡A¨C¤@­Ó¶}±Ò ttyd5 ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡³£¥u¯à¨Ï¥Î 57600 bps ªº³t «×¤F¡C

·íµM¡A±z¥²»Ý½T©w±zªºªì©lª¬ºA¥H¤ÎÂê©wª¬ºAªº¸Ë¸m¥u¯à³Q root ¼g¤J ¡CMAKEDEV ³o­Ó script ¨Ã ¤£·| ¦b«Ø¥ß³o¨Ç¸Ë¸m®É¦Û°ÊÀ°±z³] ©w¦n¡C

±z¬O¤£¬O·Q·í ISP¡H­º¥ý¡A±z­n¦³¤@³¡¥H¤W¥i¥H¦Û°Ê±µÅ¥ªº modem¡C±zªº modem ¥²¶·­n¦³ carrier-detect ªº¥\¯à¡C¥¦¤]­n¯à°÷¦b data terminal ready (DTR) ¥Ñ¶}ÂରÃö®É­«·s³]©w¦Û¤v¡C¥¦©Î³\¤]­n¯à°÷¨Ï¥Î RTS/CTS ¬y¶q±±¨î©Î¬O¤£°µ¥ô¦ó¬y¶q±±¨î¡C³Ì«á¡A¥¦¥²¶·¯à°÷¦b¹q ¸£©M¥¦¦Û¤vªº¶Ç¿é¤¤¨Ï¥Î©w³t¡A¦ý¬O¦b¥¦©M»·ºÝ modem ªº³s½u¤è­±«h­n¦³¨ó °Ó¶Ç¿é³t«×ªº¯à¤O¡C

¹ï Hayes «ü¥O¶°¬Û®e modem ¨Ó»¡¡A¤U­±ªº«ü¥O·|§â¤W¤@¬q©ÒÁ¿ªº¥þ³¡³]¦n ¨Ã¦s¦b«D´§µo©Ê°O¾ÐÅ餤¡G

        AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W
      

¬Ý¬Ý¤U­±ªº ¶Ç°e AT «ü¥O¶° ³o¤@¸`¥i¥H±o §ó¦h¦³Ãö¦p¦ó¤£§Q¥Î MS-DOS ²×ºÝµ{¦¡¨Ó°µ³o¨Ç³]©wªº¸ê®Æ¡C

±µ¤U¨Ó¡A¦b /etc/ttys ¬°±zªº modem °µ³]©w¡C¦C¦b³o­ÓÀɮפ¤ªº¬O©Ò¦³¨t²Î·| «Ý login ªº ports ¡C¹³¤U­±³o¼Ë¥[¤J¤@¦æ¡G

        ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure
      

³o¤@¦æ«ü¥O²Ä¤G­Ó serial port (/dev/ttyd1) ¬O¤@­Ó¥H 57600 bps ³t«×¦b¶Ç¿éªº modem¡A¨Ã¥B¤£°µ¦P¦ìÀˬd (std.57600 ¬O¦b /etc/gettytab Àɸ̫ü©wªº)¡C ³o­Ó port ªº²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¬O ``dialup''¡C³o­Ó port ³]¦¨ ``on'' ¦Ó¥B¬O ``insecure'' ªº --- ·N«ä¬O root ¤£¯à±q³o¸Ì³s½u¶i¨Ó¡C±z¥²»Ý¬°¨C­Ó dialin port ³£°µÃþ¦ü ttydX ªº³]©w¡C

³q±`§Ú­Ì·|¥Î ``dialup'' ¨Ó°µ¬°²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¡C¦pªG¨Ï¥ÎªÌµn¤J®Éªº±Ò©l«¬ ºA¬O dialup ªº¸Ü¡A«Ü¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£·|¦b¥L­Ìªº .profile ©Î¬O .login Àɤ¤³] ©w¥L­Ì¯u¥¿ªº²×ºÝ¾÷«¬ºA¡C¤W­±ªº¨Ò¤l¤¤§Ú­ÌÁ|ªº¬O insecure ªº¨Ò¤l¡C¦pªG ±z·Q­n¦b³o­Ó port Åܦ¨ root ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥²¶·¥Î¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¨­¥÷µn¤J¡AµM«á ``su'' ¦¨ root ¡C¦pªG±z¥Îªº¬O ``secure'' ªº¸Ü¡A«h root ¥i¥Hª½±µµn ¤J¡C

¦b¹ï /etc/ttys °µ¹L­×§ï¤§«á¡A±z¥²¶·°e¤@­Ó hangup ©Î¬O HUP ªº signal µ¹ init process¡G

        kill -HUP 1
      

³o¼Ë·|±j­¢ init process ¥h­«Åª /etc/ttys ¡C µM«á init process ´N·|¦b©Ò¦³ªº ``on'' port ¤W­«·s±Ò°Ê getty process ¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î¤U¦C«ü¥O¨ÓÀˬd±zªº port ¬O¤£¬O¥i¥H login ¤F

        ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1'
      

±z·|¨£¨ìÃþ¦ü³o¼Ëªºµ²ªG¡G

        747 ??  I      0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1
      

¦pªG±z­n§â§Oªº¹q¸£·í¦¨¬O FreeBSD ªº²×ºÝ¾÷ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥u»Ý­n¦b¨âªÌªº serial port ¤§¶¡²o¤@±ø null modem ±Æ½u§Y¥i¡C¦pªG±z¦³¤@­Ó¯uªº²×ºÝ¾÷ ªº¸Ü¡A¬Ý¬Ý¥¦ªº«ü¥O¶°§a¡C

µM«á¡A¹³¤W¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¤@¼Ë­×§ï /etc/ttys ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG±z§â¤@­Ó WYSE-50 ²×ºÝ¾÷±µ¦b²Ä¤­­Ó serial port ¤Wªº¸Ü¡A´N­n¥Î³o¼Ëªº³]©w¡G

        ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure
      

³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¥Ü½dªº¬O /dev/ttyd4 ©Ò¥Nªíªº port ¥Îªº¬O wyse50 ²× ºÝ¾÷¡A³s½u³t«× 38400 bps¡A¤£¨Ï¥Î¦P¦ìÀˬd (std.38400 ¬O±q /etc/gettytab ³]©wªº) ¦Ó¥B root ¥i¥H login (secure) ¡C

¦b±zªº¨t²Î¤¤¡Atip ©M cu «Ü¥i¯à¥u¯à¥Ñ uucp ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©M dialer ¸s²Õ¤~¯à°õ¦æ¡C±z¥i¥H¥Î dialer ¸s²Õ¨Ó±±¨î¨ì©³¦³½Ö¥i ¥H¦s¨ú±zªº modem ¥H¤Î»·ºÝ¨t²Î¡C±z¥u­n§â±z¦Û¤v¥[¨ì dialer ¸s²Õ¤¤´N¥i ¥H¤F¡C

¥t¥~¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¡A±z¥i¥HÅý±z¨t²Î¤W©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¥i¥H°õ¦æ tip ©M cu ¡A¥u­n±z

        # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu
        # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip
      

¨Æ¹ê¤W¡Atip ªº man page ¤w¸g¹L®É¤F¡C¤@¯ëªº Hayes dialer ¤w¸g¤º«Ø¦b¨t ²Î¤º¡C±z¥u­n¦b /etc/remote «ü©w ``at=hayes'' ´N¥i¥H¤F¡C

¥i±¤ªº¬O¡AHayes ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤£°÷Áo©ú¡A¦³¨Ç·s modem ¤Wªº¶i¶¥¥\¯à¥¦µLªk ¿ëÃÑ¥X¨Ó --- ¨Ò¦p BUSY ¡ANO DIALTONE ¡A©Î¬O CONNECT 115200 ³oÃþªº°T®§¥¦´N·|·d²V¡C±z¦b¨Ï¥Î tip ªº®É­Ô¥²¶· §â¥¦­ÌÃö±¼ (¥Î ATX0&W) ¡C

ÁÙ¦³¡Atip ªº dial ¹O®É®É¶¡¬O 60 ¬í¡C±zªº modem ¥i¯à­n³]±o§óµu¡A §_«h tip ·|»{¬°µo¥Í¤F³q°T¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡C¸Õ¸Õ¬ÝATS7=45&W ¡C

¨Æ¹ê¤W tip ÁÙ¨S¦³§¹¥þ¤ä´©¥¦¡C¸Ñ¨M¤èªk¬O¥h­×§ï /usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip ¥Ø¿ý¸Ìªº tipconf.h ¡C«ÜÅãµM±z ¥²¶·­n¦³­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¤~¯à³o»ò°µ¡C

§â ``#define HAYES 0'' §ï¦¨ ``#define HAYES 1'' ¡CµM«á ``make'' ¨Ã ``make install'' ¡C¤§«á¤@¤Á³£·|«ì´_¥¿±`¤F¡C

¦b±zªº /etc/remote Àɸ̥[¤@­Ó ``direct'' ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG±zªº modem ³s±µ¦b²Ä¤@­Ó serial port¡A/dev/cuaa0¡A«h±z­n¥[¤J¤U­± ³o¤@¦æ¡G

        cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none
      

¦b br Ä椤³]©w±z modem ©Ò¤ä´©ªº³Ì°ª³t¡C¤§«á¡AÁä¤J tip cuaa0 ¤§«á ±z´N³s¤W±zªº modem ¤F¡C

¦pªG±zªº¨t²Î¤W¨S¦³ /dev/cuaa0 ¡A±z´N¥ý³o¼Ë¡G

        # cd /dev
        # ./MAKEDEV cuaa0
      

©Î¬O±z¥i¥H¥Î root °õ¦æ cu «ü¥O¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G

        # cu -l``line'' -s``speed''
      

³o¸Ìªº line ¬O«ü±zªº serial port (¨Ò¦p /dev/cuaa0) ¡Aspeed ¬O«ü±zªº¶Ç¿é³t«× (¨Ò¦p 57600) ¡C¦pªG±z¤U§¹ AT «ü¥O«á¡AÁä¤J ~. ¥i¥HÂ÷¶}¡C

¹q¸Ü¸¹½XÄ椤ªº [@] °O¸¹¬O¥Î¨Ó§i¶D tip ¥h /etc/phones §ä¹q¸Ü¸¹½X¡C ¦ý¬O [@] ¦P®É¤]¬O /etc/remote ³oÃþÀɮפ¤ªº¯S®í¦r¤¸¡C±z¥i¥H¥[¤W¤Ï±×½u¡G

        pn=\@
      

¦b±zªº /etc/remote ©ñ¤@­Ó ``generic''¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡G

        tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
        tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
      

µM«á±z´N¥i¥H¹³ ``tip -115200 5551234'' ³o¼Ë¥Î¤F¡C¦pªG±z¤ñ¸û³ß Åw¥Î cu ªº¸Ü¡A¨Ï¥Î generic cu Äæ¦ì¡G

        cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
      

µM«á¿é¤J ``cu 5551234 -s 115200'' ¡C

±z¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎÃþ¦ü tip1200 ©Î¬O cu1200 ªºÄæ¦ì¡A¤£¹L¦b±z¨Ï¥Î¤§ «e½Ð¥ý½T©w±zªº br Äæ¥i¥H¤ä´©³o­Ó³t«×¡Ctip »{¬° 1200 bps ¬O¤@­Ó«Ü¦nªº¹w³]­È¡A³o¤]´N¬O¬°¤°»ò­n¥s°µ ``tip1200'' ªº­ì¦] ¤F¡C·íµM±z¤]¥i¥H¤£­n¥Î 1200 bps ¡C

°£¤F¨C¦¸µ¥±z³s¤W server ¨ÃÁä¤J ``CONNECT <host>'' ¥H¥~¡A ¤ñ¸û¦nªº¤èªk¬O¥Î tip ªº cm ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¬Ý¬Ý /etc/remote¡G

        pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
        muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
        :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
        deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
        :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:
      

¥i¥HÅý±z¥u¥´ ``tip pain'' ©Î¬O ``tip muffin'' ´N¥i¥H³s¤W pain ©Î muffin¡FµM«á ``tip deep13'' ¥i¥H³s¤W terminal server¡C

³q±`³o­Ó°ÝÃDµo¥Í¦b¡G¤@¶¡¤j¾Ç¦³¤@¨Ç modem¡A¦Ó¥B¦³¤W¤d¦W¾Ç¥Í­n¥Î...

¦b /etc/remote ¸Ì¬°±zªº¤j¾Ç³]¤@­ÓÄæ¦ì¡A¨Ã¨Ï¥Î [\@] §@¬° ¥¦ªº pn¡G

        big-university:\
        :pn=\@:tc=dialout
        dialout:\
        :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:
      

µM«á¡A§â¤j¾Çªº¼·±µ¹q¸Ü©ñ¦b /etc/phones ¤¤¡G

        big-university 5551111
        big-university 5551112
        big-university 5551113
        big-university 5551114
      

tip ·|¨Ì·Óªí¦Cªº¶¶§Ç¨Ì¦¸À|¸Õ¡A³Ì«á©ñ±ó¡C¦pªG±z­n¤@ª½¸Õªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¦b while °j°é¸Ì°õ¦æ tip ¡C

CTRL+P ¬O¤º©wªº ``force'' ¦r¤¸¡A¥Î¨Ó§i¶D tip ¤U¤@­Ó¦r¤¸ ¬O¤@¯ë¦r¤¸¡C±z¥i¥HÂÇ¥Ñ ~s (¥Nªí ``³]©wÅܼÆ'') §â¨ä¥L¦r¤¸³]¦¨±j ­¢¦r¤¸¡C

Áä¤J ``~sforce=<single-char>'' «á­±±µ¤@­Ó newline ¡C <single-char> ¥i¥H¬O¥ô·N³æ¤@¦r¤¸¡C¦pªG±z¥u¥´ <single-char> ¡A«h nul ´N³Q³]¦¨¬O force character¡A±z¥i ¥HÂǥѫö CTRL+2 ©Î¬O CTRL+SPACE ¨Ó«ö¥X nul ¡CSHIFT+CTRL+6 ¬O¤@­Ó¤£ ¿ùªº <single-char> ¡A§Ú¬Ý¹L¤@¨Ç²×ºÝ¾÷³£¬O³o»ò³]©w¡C

±z¤]¥i¥H¦b $HOME/.tiprc ¤¤³]©w force character¡G

        force=<single-char>
      

±zÀ³¸Ó¬O«ö¨ì¤F CTRL+A¡A¦b tip ¤¤¬°¨S¦³ caps-lock Á䪺¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Ò³]­pªº ``raise character''¡C±z¥i¥H¹³¤W­Ó°ÝÃD ¤@¼Ë§Q¥Î ~s ¨Ó§â ``raisechar'' ³o­ÓÅܼƧ令¦X²zªº­È¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A ¦pªG±z»{¬°±z¥Ã»·³£¤£·|¥Î¨ì³o¨â­Ó¥\¯àªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H§â¥¦³]¦¨¸ò force character ¤@¼Ë¡C

¤U­±¬O¤@­Ó¬° Emacs ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©Ò³]©wªº .tiprc ¡AEmacs ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±`±`·|¥Î¨ì CTRL+2 ©M CTRL+A¡G

        force=^^
        raisechar=^^
      

^ ´N¬O SHIFT+CTRL+6 ¡C

¦pªG±zªº¹ï¹³¤]¬O UNIX ¨t²Îªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¥Î ~p (put) ©M ~t (take) ¨Ó¦¬°e¸ê®Æ¡C³o¨â­Ó©R¥O·|¦b»·ºÝ¾÷¾¹°õ¦æ cat ©M echo ¨Ó¦¬°eÀÉ ®×¡C¥Îªk¬O¡G

        ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>]
        ~t <remote-file> [<local-file>]
      

¥¦¤£·|°µ¿ù»~Àˬd¡A©Ò¥H±z³Ì¦n¥Î§Oªº³q°T¨ó©w¡A¨Ò¦p zmodem ¡C

­º¥ý¡A±q ports ¤¤¿ï¤@­Ó zmodem µ{¦¡¨Ó¦w ¸Ë (¨Ò¦p¦b comms ¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº lrzsz ©Î¬O rzsz) ¡C

¦b±µ¦¬Àɮפ譱¡A±z­n¥ý¦b»·ºÝ±Ò°Ê¶Ç°eµ{¦¡¡CµM«á«ö enter ¦AÁä¤J ``~C rz'' (¦pªG±z¦w¸Ë lrzsz ªº¸Ü´N­n¥´ ``~C lrz'') ´N¥i¥H ¶}©l±µ¦¬¤F¡C

¦b¶Ç°eÀɮפ譱¡A±z­n¥ý¦b»·ºÝ±Ò°Ê¶Ç°eµ{¦¡¡CµM«á«ö enter ¦AÁä¤J ``~C sz <files>'' (©Î¬O ``~C lsz <files>'') ´N ¥i¥H§âÀÉ®×°e¨ì»·ºÝ¨t²Î¤F¡C

¦pªG±zªº¥D¾÷ªO©Î¬O¥d¤W¦³¥Î¨ì Acer ªº UART ´¹¤ùªº¸Ü¡AFreeBSD ¦b¶}¾÷®É ªº sio °»´ú¥i¯à·|¤£¥¿½T¡C±z¥i¥H±q www.lemis.com §ä¨ì patch ¨Ó­×¥¿³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C

¤£¬O³o¼Ëªº¡C¦pªG§Aªº·N«ä¬O¡G ``¬°¬Æ»ò§Úªº swap ¬Ý°_¨Óº¡¤F¡H'' ¨º¬O¦]¬°§âªF¦è©ñ¦b swap ¸Ì«á®³¦^¨Óªº³t«×·|¤ñ pager ¸g¥ÑÀɮרt ²Î®³¦^(¥¼­×§ï)ªº°õ¦æ½X§Ö¡C

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¥»¸`¯º¸Ü¤§µÛ§@ÅvÄÝ©ó Copyright (c) 1999 Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav¡C ¬°ÁקK³à¥¢­ì·N½Ð¤Å¥ô·N­«¸m¤W­z¥ô¤@¦r¥y¡C

¥Ø«e¦³¤T­Ó¬¡ÅD/¥b¬¡ÅDªº¤À¤ä¦b FreeBSD ªº CVS Repository:

• RELENG_2_2 §Y 2.2-stable §Y "2.2 branch"

• RELENG_3 §Y 3.x-stable §Y "3.0 branch"

• HEAD §Y -current §Y 4.0-current

¦p¦P¨ä¥L¨â­Ó¡AHEAD ¨Ã¤£¬O¯u¥¿ªº branch tag¡A¥¦¥u¬O¤@­Ó²Å¸¹ ±`¼Æ¡A«ü¦V "current¡G©|¥¼¤À¤äªºµo®i¤¤ª©¥»" ¡A²°O¬° -current¡C

¥H²{¦b¨Ó»¡¡A-current ´Â¦V 4.0 µo®i¡A¦Ó 3.0-stable ³o ­Ó¤À¤ä¡A¤]´N¬O RELENG_3¡A¦b 1999 ¦~ 1 ¤ë±q -current ¤À¥X ¨Ó¡C

2.2-stable ³o­Ó¤À¤ä¡A¤]´N¬O RELENG_2_2¡A¬O¦b 1996 ¦~ 11 ¤ë±q -current ¤À¥X¨Ó¡C

2.1-stable ³o­Ó¤À¤ä¡A¤]´N¬O RELENG_2_1_0¡A«h¬O¦b 1994 ¦~ 9 ¤ë±q -current ¤À¤ä¥X¨Ó¡A³o­Ó¤À¤ä¤w¸g§¹¥þ°h¥ð¤F¡C

°µ release ¥]¬A¤U­±³o¤T­Ó¨BÆJ¡G­º¥ý¡A°µ¥X¦³ vn ³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{ ¦¡ªº¥i¥Î kernel¡C§â¤U­±³o¤@¦æ¥[¨ì kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡AµM«á°µ¥X·sªº kernel ­«·s¶}¾÷¡G

        pseudo-device vn         #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device)
      

±µµÛ¡A§A¤â¤W­n¦³¾ã­Ó CVS repository¡C¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò CVSUP ³o½g¤å³¹¡A¦ý¦b supfile ¤¤§â release ¦WºÙ³]¦¨ cvs¡A¦A§R±¼©Ò¦³ tag ©Î date ªºÄæ¦ì¡A¦p ¤U¡G

        *default prefix=/home/ncvs
        *default base=/a
        *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org
        *default release=cvs
        *default delete compress use-rel-suffix

        ## Main Source Tree
        src-all
        src-eBones
        src-secure

        # Other stuff
        ports-all
        www
        doc-all
      

µM«á°õ¦æ cvsup -g supfile §â©Ò¦³ªF¦è³£§ì¤U¨Ó...

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        setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs        # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs
        cd /usr/src/release
        make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release
      

¾ã­Ó release ·|°µ¦b /some/big/filesystem/release¡Cµ²§ô ®É /some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp ³o­Ó¥Ø¿ý¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î ¨Ó°µ¬° FTP ¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡ªº¨Ó·½¡C¦pªG·Q°µ¥X -current ¥H¥~¤À¤äªº SNAP¡A ¦b¤W­± make release ³o¤@¦æ¥[ RELEASETAG=SOMETAG¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A RELEASETAG=RELENG_2_2 ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ·|°µ­Ó§Y®Éªº 2.2-STABLE snapshot¡C

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        bin-tarball:
        (cd ${DISTDIR}; \
        tar cf - . \
        gzip --no-name -9 -c | \
        split -b 240640 - \
        ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.)
      

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¦³´X¸s¤H¤h¤w¸gªí¥Ü¹ïµo®i¦h¥­¥x FreeBSD ªº¿³½ì¡A¨ä¤¤ FreeBSD/AXP (ALPHA) §Y¬O¨ä¤¤¬Û·í¦¨¥\ªº¨Ò¤l¡A¥i¥H¦b ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha ³o¸Ì¨ú±o¥¦ªº 3.0 SNAPshot ª©¥»¡CALPHA ª©ªº FreeBSD ¦b¶V¨Ó¶V¦hªº ALPHA ¾÷¾¹¤W ¨Ï¥Î¡A¨ä¤¤¥]¬A¤F AlphaStation¡BAXPpci¡BPC164¡BMiata ©M Multia ³o´XºØ¡C­nµ¥¨ì¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¤u¨ã§¹¥þ¡B¯à¥Î¥úºÐ¦w¸Ë¡B¥H¤Î¦³¨¬°÷¯à¥Îªº port/package ¤§«á¡A§Ú­Ì¤~¥´ºâ§â¥¦·í§@§¹¾ãªºª©¥»¡A©Ò¥H²{¦bÀ³¸Ó§â FreeBSD/AXP ·í§@ BETA «~½èªº³nÅé¡C­Y­n¬ÛÃöª¬ªpªº®ø®§¡A½Ð¥[¤J <freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.org> mailing list¡C

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³o­n¬Ý§A¬O§_¥´ºâ±N³o­ÓÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤½¶}¨Ï¥Î¡A¦pªG¬Oªº¸Ü¡A½Ð§â¥¦ªº­ì©l ½X°e¤@¥÷µ¹§Ú­Ì¡AÁÙ¦³ files.i386 ­×§ïªº³¡¥÷¡Bkernel ³]©w Àɼ˥»¡B¥H¤Î¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í³]³ÆÀɪº MAKEDEV¡C ¦pªG§A¤£¥´ºâ¡B©Î¦]¬°ª©Åv°ÝÃD¦Ó¤£¯à¤½¶}ªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì¦³¯S¦a«O¯d character major number 32 ©M block major number 8 µ¹³o¤è­±ªº¨Ï¥Î¡A ª½±µ¥Î³o¨â­Ó´N¦n¤F¡C¤£½×¦p¦ó¡A§Ú­Ì³£·|«Ü·P¿E§A¯à¦b <freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org> µoªíÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº®ø®§¡C

¦b¦^µª¦³Ãö¥Ø¿ý©ñ¸m¤è¦¡¤£¦Pªº°ÝÃD¤W¡A§Ú¦b 1983 ¦~¼g¦n¥Ø«eªº§@ªk «á´N¨S¦³¦A§ïÅܹL¡A³oºØ¤è¦¡¬O°w¹ï­ì¥ýªº FFS Àɮרt²Î¡A«á¨Ó¤]¨S ¦³¹ï¥¦§@¥ô¦ó§ó°Ê¡C¥¦¦bÁקK cylinder group ³Q¶ñº¡³o¤è­±°µ±o¬Û·í ¦¨¥\¡A¦ý¬O´N¹³¦³¨Ç¤H¤w¸gª`·N¨ì¡A¥¦©M `find' ´N°t¦X±o¤£¤j¦n¡C¤j ³¡¥÷ªºÀɮרt²Î¬O¥Ñ¨º¨Ç¥Î depth first search(aka ftw) ²£¥Íªº archive »s³y¥X¨Ó¡A¸Ñ¥X¨Óªº¥Ø¿ý inode ·|¾î¸ó¦n´X­Ó cylinder group¡A¦pªG¥H«á­n°µ depth first search ªº¸Ü¡A³o¬O³ÌÁV¿|ªº±¡ªp¤§ ¤@¡C¦pªG§Ú­Ìª¾¹DÁ`¦@·|²£¥Í¦h¤Ö¥Ø¿ýªº¸Ü¡A¸Ñªk¬O¦b°µ¥ô¦ó¦s¨ú/¼g ¤J°Ê§@¤§«e¡A¦b¨C­Ó cylinder group ¤W¥ý³y¥X(©Ò¦³¥Ø¿ý¼Æ/cylinder greoup ªº¼Æ¥Ø)³o»ò¦hªº¥Ø¿ý¡C«Ü©úÅ㪺¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·­n¦³®Ú¾Ú¦a¥h²q³o ­Ó¼Æ¦r¡A´Nºâ¤@­Ó¹³ 10 ªº«Ü¤p©T©w¼Æ¥Ø¤]·|¨Ï®Ä²v¥H¯Å¼Æ¦¨ªø¡C°Ï¤À restore (§Y¸Ñ¶}¤W­zªº archive) ©M¤@¯ëÀÉ®×¾Þ§@ªº¤èªk¥i¥H¬O(²{¦b ¥Îªººtºâªk¥i¯à­n§ó±Ó·P)¡G¦pªG¤@¨Ç¥Ø¿ý(³Ì¦h 10 ­Ó)³£¦b 10 ¬í¤º²£ ¥Íªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N§â³o¨Ç¥Ø¿ý»E¶°¦b¦P¤@­Ó cylinder group¡C¤£ºÞ«ç¼Ë¡A §Úªº¸gÅç«ü¥X³o¬O¤@­Ó¤w¸g¥R¥÷¹êÅç¹Lªº³¡¥÷¡C

Kirk McKusick, September 1998

[³o¸`¬O±q Bill Paul ¦b freebsd-current mailing list ¤Wµoªí ªº«H¤¤¸`¿ý¡ADag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav ­×¥¿¤F¥´¦r¿ù»~¡B¦A¥[¤W¬A©·¸Ìªºª`¸Ñ¡C]

From: Bill Paul <wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu>
Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops
To: ben@rosengart.com
Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT)
Cc: current@FreeBSD.org
      

[<ben@rosengart.com> µoªí¤F¤U­±ªº panic °T®§]

> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
> fault virtual address   = 0x40
> fault code              = supervisor read, page not present
> instruction pointer     = 0x8:0xf014a7e5
                                ^^^^^^^^^^
> stack pointer           = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24
> frame pointer           = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28
> code segment            = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
>                         = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
> processor eflags        = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
> current process         = 80 (mount)
> interrupt mask          =
> trap number             = 12
> panic: page fault
      

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• §â instruction pointer ªº­È°O¤U¨Ó¡Cª`·N¦b«e­±ªº 0x8: ¦b³o­Ó±¡ªp¤¤¨Ã¤£­«­n¡A§Ú­Ì­nªº¬O 0xf0xxxxxx¡C

• ·í¨t²Î­«·s¶}¾÷«á¡A°õ¦æ³o¹D©R¥O¡G

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  ¨ä¤¤ f0xxxxxx ´N¬O°O¤U¨Óªº instruction pointer ­È¡C¦³¥i¯à ¤£·|­è¦n§ä¨ì§¹¾ãªº³o­Ó¦r¦ê¡A³o¬O¦]¬° kernel symbol table ¸Ìªº¦U ­Ó symbol ¥u¬O¨ç¦¡ªº¶i¤JÂI¡A¦ý instruction pointer ©Ò«üªº¦ì§}¦³ ¥i¯à¬O¦b¨ç¦¡¤ºªº¬Y¤@³B¡A¦Ó¤£¤@©w¦b¶}ÀY¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG§ä¤£¨ì¾ã­Ó¦r¦ê¡A ¨º»ò§â instruction pointer ­Èªº³Ì«á¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r®³±¼¡A¦A¸Õ¤@¦¸¡G

  % nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx
    

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§Ú±`±`¬Ý¨ì¤H­ÌÅã¥Ü¤@¤j¤ù panic °T®§¡A¦ý«Ü¤Ö¬Ý¨ì¦³¤Hªá¤@ÂI®É¶¡ §â instruction pointer ©M kernel symbol table ¤¤ªº¨ç¦¡¤ñ¸û¤@¤U¡C

­n°lÂÜ¥X³y¦¨ panic ­ì¦]ªº³Ì¦n¤èªk¬O¥ý°µ¥X crash dump¡AµM«á¥Î gdb(1) ¦b¤W­±°µ stack trace¡C·íµM¡A³o­n¾a -current ¤¤ªº gdb(1) ¯à¹B§@¥¿±`¡AµM¦Ó§ÚµLªk«OÃÒ³o¤@ÂI¡C(°O±o¦³¤H»¡ ELF ªº gdb(1) ¦b kernel ªº crash dump ¤W¤£¯à¥¿±`¾Þ§@¡A¦b 3.0 ²æÂ÷ BETA ¶¥¬q®É³Ì¦n¦³¤H¥ýÀˬd³o¤è­±ªºª¬ªp¡A§K±o«Ü¦h¤H¦b¦¬¨ì 3.0 ¥úºÐ «áµÈ¬õ¤FÁy¡C)

¤£ºÞ¬O¨º¤@ºØ¡A§Ú³q±`¬O¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¡G

• ¼g¦n kernel ³]©wÀÉ¡C¦pªG§A»Ý­n¥Î kernel debugger¡A¦b³]©w Àɤ¤¥[¤W `options DDB' ³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¡C(·í§ÚÃhºÃ¦³¥X²{µL½a°j°é®É¡A³q ±`·|¥Î³o­Ó¨Ó³]©w¤¤Â_ÂI¡C)

• ¥Î config -g KERNELCONFIG °µ¥X¥Î¨Ó½sĶªº¥Ø¿ý

• cd /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG; make

• µ¥ kernel ½sĶ¥X¨Ó

• cp kernel kernel.debug

• strip -d kernel

• mv kernel /kernel.orig/

• cp kernel /

• ­«·s¶}¾÷

[ª`·N¡G²{¦b FreeBSD 3.x kernel ¤º©w¬O ELF ®æ¦¡¡A©Ò¥HÀ³¸Ó ¥Î strip -g ¦Ó¤£¬O strip -d¡C¦pªG§Aªº kernel ¦]¬YºØ­ì ¦]¤´¬O a.out ®æ¦¡ªº¸Ü¡A«h¥Î strip -aout -d¡C]

ª`·N§A¤£·|¯uªº¥Î¥]¬A©Ò¦³ debug symbol ªº kernel ¨Ó¶}¾÷¡A ¥Î -g ½sĶ¥X¨Óªº kernel ¤j¤p«Ü®e©ö´N¶W¹L 10MB¡C¤£»Ý­n¥Î³o»ò ¤jªº kernel ¶}¾÷¡A±ß¤@ÂI gdb(1) ¤~·|»Ý­n¥¦(gdb(1) ·|¥Î ¨ì¸Ì­±ªº symbol table)¡C©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì¤~·|§â§¹¾ãªº kernel ½Æ»s¤@¥÷¡A±µ µÛ¥Î strip -d §R±¼ debug symbol¡A°µ¥X²Ä¤G­Ó kernel¡A³o­Ó¤~¯u ¥¿®³¨Ó¶}¾÷¡C

­n½T©w¯à§ì¨ì crash dump¡A¥ý½s¿è /etc/rc.conf¡A±N dumpdev «ü¨ì swap ¤À³Î°Ï¡C³o¼Ë rc(8) ·|¥Î dumpon(8) ¨Ó±Ò°Ê crash dump¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¤â°Ê¥Î dumpon(8)¡C¦b panic ¤§«á¡A crash dump ¥i¥H¥Î savecore(8) ¦s°_¨Ó¡F¦pªG /etc/rc.conf ¸Ì¦³³] dumpdev¡A¨º»ò­«·s¶}¾÷«á rc(8) ·|¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ savecore(8) §â crash dump ¦s¦b /var/crash¡C

ª`·N¡GFreeBSD ªº crash dump ³q±`©M¾÷¾¹¸Ìªº¹ê»Ú°O¾ÐÅé¤@¼Ë¤j¡A ´N¹³¦pªG¦³ 64MB °O¾ÐÅé¡Acrash dump ¤j¤p´N¬O 64MB¡C©Ò¥H­n½T©w /var/crash ¤U¦³¨¬°÷ªºªÅ¶¡¡A©Î¬O¥i¥H¤â°Ê°õ¦æ savecore(8) §â crash dump ©ñ¨ì¥t¤@­ÓªÅ¶¡¸û°÷ªº¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C¥t¤@ºØ¤]³\¥i¥H­­¨î crash dump ªº¤èªk¡A¬O¦b kernel ³]©wÀɤ¤¥Î options MAXMEM=(foo)¡A ±N kernel ¥i¥Îªº°O¾ÐÅé­­¨î¦b¦X²zªº¤j¤p¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG§A¦³ 128MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦ý¬O¥i¥H­­¨î kernel ¥u¯à¥Î 16MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A³o¼Ë crash dump ´N¬O 16MB ¦Ó¤£¬O 128MB ¤F¡C

¤@¥¹µo²{¦³¤F crash dump¡A´N¥i¥H¥Î gdb(1) ¨Ó°µ stack trace ¡A¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü¡G

% gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0
(gdb) where
      

­nª`·N¥i¯à·|¥X²{¦n´X­Ó¿Ã¹õªº¥i¥Î¸ê°T¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î script(1) §â©Ò¦³¿é¥X³£¦s°_¨Ó¡C¥Î¥]¬A©Ò¦³ debug symbol ªº kernel ¨Ó°£¿ù¡A ³o¼ËÀ³¸Ó¥i¥Hª½±µÅã¥Ü panic ¬Oµo¥Í¦b¨º¤@¦æ¡C³q±`¬O¥Ñ¤U©¹¤WŪ stack strace¡A³o¼Ë¤~¯à¤@­Ó­Ó°lÂÜ¥X¦³­þ¨Ç°Ê§@¤Þ¨ì crash¡C¤]¥i¥H¥Î gdb(1) §â¦UºØÅܼƩε²ºcªº¤º®e¦L¥X¨Ó¡A¥HÀˬd¨t²Î crash ®Éªº ¹ê»Úª¬ºA¡C

¦n°Õ¡A¦pªG§A¦³²Ä¤G¥x¹q¸£¦Ó¥B¦³°÷ºÆ¨g¡A¥i¥H±N gdb(1) ³]©w ¦¨»·ºÝ°£¿ù¡C³o¼Ë§A¥i¥H¦b¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¤¤¥Î gdb(1) ¥h°£¿ù¥t¤@¥x¸Ìªº kernel¡A¥i¥H°õ¦æªº¥]¬A³]©w¤¤Â_ÂI¡B¦b kernel ­ì©l½X¤¤¤@¨B¨B°õ¦æµ¥ µ¥¡A´N¹³¦b¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌµ{¦¡¤W°£¿ù¤@¼Ë¡C¥Ñ©ó¨S¦³¤°»ò¾÷·|¬°°£¿ù¦Ó³]¸m ¨â¥x¨Ã¾F¹q¸£¡A©Ò¥H§ÚÁÙ¨S¦³³o¼Ëª±¹L¡C

[Bill ªþª`¡G§Ú§Ñ¤F´£¨ì¤@ÂI¡G¦pªG§A¦³±Ò°Ê DDB ¦Ó kernel ¤] ¤w¸g¶i¤J°£¿ù¾¹¡A¥i¥H¦b DDB ©R¥O¦C¤U¥´ `panic'¡A±j­¢²£¥Í panic(ÁÙ ¦³ crash dump)¡C¤]¦³¥i¯à¦b panic ¶¥¬q®É¦A¶i¤J°£¿ù¾¹¡A¦pªG³o¼Ëªº¸Ü ¡A¿é¤J `continue'¡A±µµÛ¥¦´N·|§¹¦¨ crash dump¡C -ed]

¦b ELF ¤@¨t¦Cªº¤u¨ã¤¤¡A¤º©w¬O¤£·|Åý dynamic linker ¬Ý¨ì°õ¦æÀÉ ¸Ì©w¸q¤F­þ¨Ç symbol¡C©Ò¥H dlsym() ¨S¦³¿ìªk¥ÎÂǥѩI¥s dlopen(NULL, flags) ¨ú±oªº handle¡A¥Î¥¦¥h·j´M¦³¨º¨Ç symbol ¤@©w·|¥¢±Ñ¡C

¦pªG§A·Q­n¥Î dlsym() §ä¥X¬Y­Ó process ªº¥D°õ¦æÀɤ¤ ¦³­þ¨Ç symbol¡A«h­n¦b link ®É¹ï ELF linker ¥[¤W -export-dynamic ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡C

¨t²Îªº¤º©w¬O¡AFreeBSD 3.x kernel ¯à©w§}¨ì 256 MB¡A4.x «h¬O 1 GB¡C¦pªG¬Oºô¸ô­t²ü¬Û·í­«ªº¦øªA¾¹(´N¹³¤j«¬ FTP ©Î HTTP ¦øªA¾¹)¡A 256 MB ¥i¯à·|¤£¤j°÷¡C

­n«ç»ò¼W¥[©w§}ªÅ¶¡©O? ­n±q¨â¤è­±µÛ¤â¡C­º¥ý§i¶D kernel ¥»¨­­n «O¯d¸û¤jªÅ¶¡; ¨ä¦¸¡A¬JµM¬O¦b©w§}ªÅ¶¡ªº³Ì¤W­±¸ü¤J kernel¡A©Ò¥HÁÙ ­n½Õ§C¸ü¤Jªº¦ì§}¡A§_«h´N·|¶W¹L©w§}½d³ò¡C

¼W¥[ src/sys/i386/include/pmap.h ¸Ìªº NKPDE ­È «K¥i¹F¦¨²Ä¤@­Ó¥Ø¼Ð¡C1 GB ªº©w§}ªÅ¶¡·|¹³³o¼Ë¡G

#ifndef NKPDE
#ifdef SMP
#define NKPDE                   254     /* addressable number of page tables/pde's */
#else
#define NKPDE                   255     /* addressable number of page tables/pde's */
#endif  /* SMP */
#endif
      

­nºâ¥X NKPDE ªº¥¿½T­È¡A±N·Q­nªºªÅ¶¡¤j¤p(¥H megabyte ¬°³æ ¦ì)°£¥H 4¡A±µµÛ³æ CPU ¾÷¾¹´î 1¡AÂù CPU «h¬O´î 2¡C

­n¸Ñ¨M²Ä¤G­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥²¶·¦Û¦æºâ¥X kernel ³Q¸ü¤Jªº¦ì§}¡G¨D¥X 0x100100000 ´î±¼©w§}ªÅ¶¡¤j¤pªº­È(¥H byte ¬°³æ¦ì)¡A¦p 1 GB ¤j¤p´N ¬O 0xc0100000¡C§â src/sys/i386/conf/Makefile.i386 ¸Ìªº LOAD_ADDRESS ³]¦¨³o­Ó­È¡A±µµÛ¦b src/sys/i386/conf/kernel.script ¤¤¡A±N section ¦Cªí³Ì«e­±ªº location counter ³]¦¨¬Û¦Pªº­È¡A¦p¤U¡G

OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386", "elf32-i386", "elf32-i386")
OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
ENTRY(btext)
SEARCH_DIR(/usr/lib); SEARCH_DIR(/usr/obj/elf/home/src/tmp/usr/i386-unknown-freebsdelf/lib);
SECTIONS
{
  /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */
  . = 0xc0100000 + SIZEOF_HEADERS;
  .interp     : { *(.interp)    }
      

µM«á­«·s config ©M°µ¥X·sªº kernel¡C¦b°õ¦æ¹³ ps(1)¡B top(1) ³oÃþµ{¦¡®É¥i¯à·|¸I¨ì°ÝÃD¡A°µ¤@¦¸ make world À³¸Ó´N¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M(©Î§â§ï¹Lªº pmap.h «þ¨ì /usr/include/vm/ ¤U¡A¦A¤â°Ê½sĶ libkvm¡Bps ©M top)¡C

ª`·N¡Gkernel ©Ò¯à©w§}ªºªÅ¶¡¤j¤p¥²¶·¬O 4 megabytes ªº­¿¼Æ¡C

[David Greenman ¥[¤W ³o¤@¬q¡G§Ú»{¬° kernel ©w§}ªÅ¶¡¤j¤pÀ³¸Ó¬O 2 ªº­¼¾­¡A¦ý¤£¤j½T ©w³o¤@ÂI¡Cªº±Ò°Êµ{¦¡·|°Ê¨ì high order address bits¡A°O±o¥¦°²³] ¦Ü¤Ö¦³ 256 MB¡C]