Chapter 10. PPP

A: §AÀ³¸Ó¥ý¬Ý¬Ý ppp man page ©M ppp ¨Ï¥Î»¡©ú¡C¨Ï¥Î¥H¤U«ü¥O¨Ó¥´¶}°O¿ý (logging) ªº¥\¯à

        set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command
      

³o­Ó©R¥O¥i¥H¦b ppp command prompt ©ÎªÌ¬O¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ²ÕºAÀɮפ¤¥[¤J¡C (¥[¦b default section ªº¶}ÀY³Ì¦n). ½T©w¦b /etc/syslog.conf ¸Ì­±¦³³o»ò¤@¦æ:

        !ppp
        *.*              /var/log/ppp.log
      

¦Ó¥B/var/log/ppp.log ³o­ÓÀɮצs¦b¡C ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó §A¥i¥H±q log Àɮפ¤ª¾¹D¨ì©³µo¥Í¤F¤°»ò¨Æ±¡¡C ¥ý¤£¥Î¾á¤ßÀɮתº¤º®e§A¬Ý¤£À´¡A¦pªG§A­n¦V¤H¨D±Ïªº¸Ü ¡A±Ï§Aªº¤H·|¬Ý±oÀ´ªº¡C

¦pªG§A¨t²Î¤Wªº¨º¥÷ ppp ¤£´£¨Ñ "set log" ªº«ü¥Oªº¸Ü¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¥h¤U¸ü ³Ì·sª©¥»¡C ³o­Óª©¥»¦b FreeBSD 2.1.5 ¥H¤Wªºª©¥»³£¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C

A: ·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î³q±`¬O§Aªº hostname ¨S¦³¿ìªk¸Ñ¥X¨Ó¡C¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD ³Ì¦nªº¿ìªk¬O½T©w /etc/hosts ·|³Q§Aªº resolver ²Ä¤@­Ó°Ñ¦Ò¨ì¡C §A¥i¥H­×§ï/etc/host.conf ¨Ã¥B§âhosts ©ñ¨ì³Ì«e­±¡C±µµÛ¡A¥u­n§â§Aªº¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ©ñ¨ì /etc/hosts ¸Ì­±´N¥i¥H¤F¡C¦pªG§A¨S¦³ local network ªº¸Ü¡A­×§ï localhost ³o¤@¦æ¡G

127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost
        

§_«h¡A´N§â§A¥D¾÷ªº¸ê°T¥[¤JÀɮפ¤¡C§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¬ÛÃöªº man pages ¥HÀò±o¶i¤@¨Bªº¸ê°T¡C

¦pªG§A¶¶§Qªº§¹¦¨³o¨Ç°Ê§@¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¦¨¥\ªº°õ¦æ ping -c1 `hostname` ¡C

A: ­º¥ý½T©w§Aªº¤º©w¸ô¥Ñ (default route) ¬O§_¦³³]©w¡C¤U netstat -rn ³o­Ó«ü¥O¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¯à°÷¬Ý¨ì¦p¥H¤U½d¨Òªº¨â­Ó entries¡G

Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
default            10.0.0.2           UGSc        0        0      tun0
10.0.0.2           10.0.0.1           UH          0        0      tun0
        

³o¨Ç³]©w¬O°²³]±z¨Ï¥Îªº address ¸ò handbook ¸Ì­±ªº¡B©Î¬O man page ªº½d¨Ò¡B©ÎªÌ©M ppp.conf.sample ¸Ìªº³]©w¬Û¦P¡C¦pªG±z¨S¦³³]©w default route¡A¨º»ò¦³¥i¯à±z²{¦b¨Ï¥Îª©¥»ªº ppp¡Aªº ppp ·|¬Ý¤£À´ ppp.conf ¸Ìªº HISADDR¡C¦pªG±zªº¨t²Î ppp ¬O¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªº¸Ü¡A­×§ï³o¤@¦æ

          add 0 0 HISADDR
        

¦¨¬°

          add 0 0 10.0.0.2
        

default route ³o¦æ¨S¦³¥X²{ªº¥t¤@­Ó­ì¦]¬O§A³]¿ù¤F default router¡A³o­Ó³]©w¦b /etc/rc.conf Àɮפ¤(³o­ÓÀɮצb release 2.2.2 «e¥s /etc/sysconfig)¡A§A»Ý­n¦b ppp.conf ¤¤¥[¤J³o »ò¤@¦æ

          delete ALL
        

¦pªGµo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î¡A¦^¨ì handbook userppp ³Ì«á³]©w ªº»¡©ú¤¤¬d¸ß¡C

A: ³o­Óª¬ªp³q±`¬O¦]¬°¯Ê¤Ö¤F³o¬q³]©w

          MYADDR:
            delete ALL
            add 0 0 HISADDR
        

½ÐÀˬd±zªº /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup Àɮפ¤¬O§_¦³³o¨Ç³]©w¡C ¥u¦³¦b±z¨Ï¥Î°ÊºA IP(dynamic IP) ©Î¤£ª¾¹D±z gateway ªº IP ®É¤~»Ý­n ³]©w³o­Ó¡C¦pªG±z¬O¨Ï¥Î interactive mode ªº¸Ü¡A±z¥i¥H¦b¶i¤J packet mode «á¿é¤J¦p¤U©R¥O(¦pªG ppp ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹Åܦ¨¤j¼gªº PPP¡A«K¥Nªí¤w ¸g¶i¤J packet mode)¡G

          delete ALL
          add 0 0 HISADDR
        

±z¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò handbook ¤¤ PPP ©M°ÊºA IP ¦ì§} ªº³¡¥÷¡A¦³¸û¸ÔºÉªº»¡©ú¡C

A: ppp ¹w³]ªº timeout ­È¬O¤T¤ÀÄÁ¡C¥i¥H¥Î¥H¤U³o¦æ©R¥O½Õ¾ã

          set timeout NNN
        

³o¥Nªí¦pªG¦b NNN ¬í¤ººô¸ô³£¨S¦³°ÊÀRªº¸Ü¡Appp ´N·|¦Û°ÊÃö³¬ ³s½u¡C¦pªG NNN ³]¦¨ 0¡A¨º»ò±N¤£·|¦]¬°¨S¦³¸ê®Æ¨Ó©¹¦ÓÃö³¬³s½u¡C §A¥i¥H§â³o¦æ©R¥O©ñ¨ì ppp.conf ³o­ÓÀɮ׸̭±¡A©Î¬O¦b interactive mode ¸Ì­±¿é¤J³o­Ó«ü¥O¡A¤]¥i¥H¥Î telnet ©Î pppctl ³s¨ì ppps ¦øªA¾¹ªº socket¡A¦b³s½u«áÀH®É½Õ¾ã timeout ªº­È¡C°Ñ¦Ò ppp man page ¥HÀò±o§ó¸ÔºÉªº¸ê®Æ.

A: ¦pªG±z³]©w­n¥Î Link Quality Reporting(LQR)¡A±z©M¹ï¤è¥D¾÷¤§¶¡´N ¦³¥i¯à¿ò¥¢¤Ó¦hªº LQR «Ê¥]¡CPpp ·|¦]¦¹§PÂ_¹q¸Ü½u¸ô¦³°ÝÃD¡AµM«á´N·| ¤ÁÂ_³s½u¡C¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ª©¥H«e¡A¤º©w·|¨Ï¥Î LQR¡A²{¦bªº¤º©w­È¬O ¤£¥Î¡CLQR ¥i¥H¥Î³o¤@¦æ©R¥O¨ú®ø

          disable lqr
        

A: ¦³®É­Ô¦pªG½u¸ô¤W¦³¤Ó¦hÂø°T¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦pªG±z¨Ï¥Î¤F¹q¸Ü´¡¼·ªA°Èªº¸Ü¡A ±zªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷±N·|±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦»~»{³o¨Ç°T®§¬O lost carrier¡C

¤j³¡¤Àªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷³£¦³®e§Ô¼È®É¥¢¥h carrier ªº³]©w¡C¥H USR Sportster ¬°¨Ò¡A¥¢¥h carrier ©M±¾Â_¹q¸Ü¤§¶¡ªº®É¶¡¡A¬O¥H 1/10 ¬í¬°³æ¦ì¦s¦b S10 ¼È¦s¾¹¤¤¡C¦pªG­nÅý±zªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¯à®e§Ô§óªøªº®É¶¡¡A§A¥i¥H¦b dial string ¸Ì­±¥[¤J¥H¤U "°e¥X©R¥O - µ¥«Ý¦r¦ê" ªº³¡¥÷¡G

          set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"
        

°Ñ¦Ò¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤ºªþªº»¡©ú®Ñ¥H¨ú±o§ó¸Ô²Óªº¸ê®Æ¡C

A: ³\¦h¤Hªº³s½u·|²@µL¨Ó¥Ñªº¥d¦í¡A­º¥ý­n°µªº¬O§ä¥X³s½u¨º¤@¤è·í±¼¡C

¦pªG¥Îªº¬O¥~±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A´N¥Î ping ¨Ó¬Ý¦b¶Ç¸ê®Æ®É¡ATD ¿O¸¹ ·|¤£·|°{¡C¦pªG·|ªº¸Ü¡]¨Ã¥B RD ¤£·|°{¡^¡A¥Nªí¬O¹ï¤è¥X°ÝÃD¡F¦pªG ¤£·|¡A«h¬O¦Û¤vªº°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG¥Î¤º±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¥ý¦b ppp.conf ¤¤¥[¤J set server ³o¹D«ü¥O¡A·í³s½u·í±¼®É¡A°õ¦æ pppctl ³s¨ì ppp¡C¦pªGºô ¸ô³s½u¬ðµM¦n¤F¡]¦]¬° ppp ¬Ý¨ì¥Î¨Ó¶EÂ_°ÝÃDªº socket¡^©ÎµLªk³s¤W¡]°²³] ¦b¤@¶}©l¥i¥H°õ¦æ set socket ³o¹D«ü¥O¡^¡Aªí¥Ü¥»¦a¥X°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG³s ±o¤W ppp «o¤´µM¤£¯à¥Î¡A¥Î set log local async ¥´¶}¥»¦aªº«D¦P¨B °O¿ý¡A±µµÛ¦b¥t¤@­Óµøµ¡¡]©Î²×ºÝ¾÷¡^°õ¦æ ping ¦b³s½u¤W¶Ç°e¸ê®Æ¡C «D¦P¨B°O¿ýªº¥\¯à·|¦P®ÉÅã¥Ü°e¥X©M±µ¦¬ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦pªG¸ê®Æ¥u¥X¤£¶i¡A´N¬O¹ï ¤è¾÷¾¹¥X°ÝÃD¡C

ª¾¹D¬O¥»¦a©Î¹ï¤è¥X°ÝÃD«á¡A´N¦³¨âºØ¥i¯à¡G

A: ¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¥H«eªºª©¥»¤W¡A¤@¥¹³s½u«Ø¥ß§¹¦¨¥H«á¡A ppp ·|µ¥¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹±Ò°Ê Line Control Protocol (LCP)¡C«Ü¦h ISP ¤£·|¦Û°Ê ±Ò°Ê¡A¦Ó¬Oµ¥«Ý¥Ñ client ºÝ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡C­n±j­¢ ppp ¥D°Ê±Ò°Ê LCP¡A½Ð °õ¦æ³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

          set openmode active
        

Note: ³q±`¦pªG¨âÃä³£±Ò°Ê°T®§¥æ´«ªº¸Ü¡A³q±`¤£·|³y¦¨¥ô¦ó°Æ§@ ¥Î¡A©Ò¥H openmode ¥Ø«e¤º©w¬O¥´¶}ªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤U¤@¬q±N¸ÑÄÀ¦b¤°»òª¬ªp¤U ³o¼Ë³]©w ¯uªº ·|³y¦¨°Æ§@¥Î¡C

A: ¦³®É´N¦b³s¤W¤§«á¡A¦b°O¿ýÀÉ·|¬Ý¨ì "magic is the same" ªº°T®§¡C³q ±`³o¨Ç¬OµL®`ªº¡A¦³®É­Ô¬Y¤@ºÝ«h·|Â_½u¡C¤j¦h¼Æªº ppp ¹ê§@µLªk¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó °ÝÃD¡A´Nºâ¦ü¥G³s¤W¤F¡A¦b°O¿ýÀɤ]¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¤@ª½­«½Æªº configure request ©M configure acknowledgement ¤§Ãþªº·¾³q°T®§¡Appp ³Ì«á·|©ñ±ó¦ÓÃö±¼³s ½u¡C

·|µo¥Í³oºØ°ÝÃDªº³q±`±¡ªp¬O¡A¦øªA¾¹¥Î³t«×ºCªºµwºÐ¡B¦b³q°T°ð¤W°õ¦æ getty¡B¨Ã¥Bµ¥¨ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌµn¤J«á¤~¥Î script ©Îµ{¦¡°õ¦æ ppp¡F¤]¦³Å¥»¡¥Î slirp ´N¤@©w·|µo¥ÍÃþ¦ü°ÝÃDªº³ø§i¡C­ì¦]¬O¦b getty µ²§ô©M ppp ¶}©l°õ¦æ ªº³o¬q®É¶¡¤º¡Aclient ºÝªº ppp ¶}©l°e¥X Line Control Protocol(LCP) «Ê ¥]¡A¥Ñ©ó¦øªA¾¹³q°T°ðªº ECHO ¤´¦b¥´¶}ª¬ºA¡Aclient ºÝªº ppp ´N·|¬Ý¨ì°e ¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Ó¡C

¦b¥Î LCP ·¾³q®É¡A¦³³¡¥÷¬O­n³s½u¨âÃä¤À§O«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº magic number¡A ¨Ó°»´ú¤ÎÁקK«Ê¥]³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Óªºª¬ªp¡C¨ó©w¼Ð·Ç¤¤»¡·í¹ï¤è¸Õ¹Ï¥Î©M¦Û¤v ¬Û¦Pªº magic number ·¾³q®É¡A­n°eµ¹¹ï¤è¤@­Ó NAK ªº°T¸¹¡]ªí¥Ü¤£±µ¨ü¡^¡A ±µµÛ¹ï¤è´N·|¿ï¥t¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r¡C¦ý¦b¦øªA¾¹³q°T°ð ECHO ¤´¥´¶}ªº³o¬q´Á¶¡¡A client ºÝªº ppp °e¥X LCP «Ê¥]¡A¬Ý¨ì¬Û¦Pªº magic number¡A©ó¬O°e¥X NAK °T¸¹¡C³o­Ó NAK ¤]·|³Q "¤Ï¼u" ¦^¨Ó¡A³Q»~»{¥Ñ¹ï¤è°e¥X¡A¦]¦¹ client ºÝ·|§ïÅܦۤvªº magic number¡C³o¼Ë magic number ªºÅܰʦ¸¼Æ·|«D±`¦a¦h¡A ¨Ã¥B¤]¥þ³£¦s¦b¹ï¤èªº²×ºÝ¾÷½w½Ä°Ï¤¤¡C·í¦øªA¾¹±Ò°Ê ppp ®É¡A¥¦°¨¤W´N ³Q magic number ªº¤j¶q§ó°Ê©Ò²T¨S¡A¨Ã¥B¡]´X¥G¬O¥ß¨è¡^¨M©w¤w¸g¸Õ°÷¤F LCP ¦Ó©ñ±ó¡F¦b³o´Á¶¡¡Aclient ºÝÁöµM¦A¤]¬Ý¤£¨ì³Q¤Ï¼uªº«Ê¥]¡A¦ý«o¨Ó±o ¤Î¬Ý¨ì¦øªA¾¹§â¹q¸Ü½u±¾±¼¡C

¤¹³\Åý¹ï¤è¨Ó§@ LCP ·¾³q¥i¥HÁקK³oºØ±¡§Î¡A¦b ppp.conf ¤¤¥[¤U­±³o ¤@¦æ¡G

          set openmode passive
        

³o¦æ§i¶D ppp ¥Ñ¹ï¤è¨Ó±Ò°Ê LCP¡A¤£¹L¦³¨Ç¦øªA¾¹¥Ã»·³£¤£·|¥D°Ê·¾³q ¡A¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A¥i¥H³o»ò³]©w¡G

          set openmode active 3
        

³o¬O­n ppp µ¥­Ó¤T¬íÄÁ¡AµM«á¦A¶}©l°e LCP ¬ÛÃö­n¨D¡C¦pªG¹ï¤è¦b³o ¬q®É¶¡°e¥X LCP «Ê¥]¡Appp ´N¤£·|µ¥¨¬¤T¬í¦Ó¥ß¨è¦^À³¡C

A: ¥Ø«e ppp ¦b¹ê§@¤W¦³­Ó·|¥X°ÝÃDªº "¥\¯à"¡A¤£·|±N LCP¡BCCP & IPCP ³o´XºØ«Ê¥]ªº¦^À³©M­ì¥ý­n¨D§@¹ï·Ó¡Cµ²ªG¬O¦pªG¦³¤@¤èªº ppp ±Ò°Ê®É¤ñ¹ï¤èºC¤F¤»¬í¥H¤W¡A¹ï¤è·|¦b¨ä¶¡¦h°e¥X¨â­Ó LCP ªº³]©w ­n¨D¡A«áªG¬Û·íÄY­«¡C

°²³]¦³¨âºÝ A ©M B ³£¦b°õ¦æ ppp¡AA ¦b³s½u«á¥ß¨è °e¥X LCP ­n¨D¡AB «hªá¤F¤C¬í¤~¶}©l¡A©Ò¥H·í B ±Ò°Ê®É¡AA ¦­¤w°e¥X¤T­Ó LCP REQ(request)¡C§Ú­Ì¤]°²³]³s½u¤w±N ECHO Ãö±¼¡A§_«h´N ·|¬Ý¨ì¤W­Ó°ÝÃD´£¨ìªº magic number °ÝÃD¡CB ±Ò°Ê®É¤]·|°e¥X REQ¡A ¦P®É¹ï A °e¥Xªº²Ä¤@­Ó REQ ¦^À³¡A°e¥X ACK(acknowledge)¡CA ¦¬¨ì³o ­Ó ACK «á·|¶i¤J OPENED ª¬ºA¡A¦P®É¤]¹ï B ªº²Ä¤@­Ó REQ °e¥X ACK¡C¦ý¦b³o¬q´Á¶¡¡AB ·|¬Ý¨ì A ¤§«e¦h°e¥Xªº¨â­Ó REQ¡A¦]¦Ó¤] ¥H¨â­Ó ACK ¦^À³¡CB ±µµÛ¬Ý¨ì A ¶Ç¨Óªº²Ä¤@­Ó ACK¡A¦]¦¹¤]¶i¤J OPENED ª¬ºA¡C¦ý³o®É A ¦¬¨ì B ¦h°eªº¨â­Ó ACK¡C®Ú¾Ú RFC ªº³W©w¡A·|¹ï²Ä¤G­Ó ACK °e¥X²Ä¥|­Ó REQ ¦Ó¦^¨ì REQ-SENT ª¬ºA ¡]¦A­«½Æ¤@¦¸ REQ-ACK ªº¹Lµ{¡^¡A¦ý¤@¬Ý¨ì²Ä¤T­Ó ACK¡AA ¥H¬°¬O B ¦^À³­è­è°e¥Xªº REQ¡A¤S¶i¤J OPENED ª¬ºA¡C¦¹®É B ¦¬¨ì A µo¥Xªº²Ä¥|­Ó REQ¡A®Ú¾Ú RFC¡A·|¹ï³o­Ó REQ °e¥X ACK¡AµM«á¦A°e¥X ²Ä¤G­Ó REQ¡]¤]¬O¦A­«½Æ¤@¦¸ REQ-ACK ªº¹Lµ{¡^¡CA ¦¬¨ì³o­Ó REQ «á ·|¦A­«·s°e REQ ¦Ó¦^¨ì REQ-SENT ª¬ºA¡A±µµÛ¤S¦¬¨ì ACK ¦Ó¶i¤J OPENED ª¬ºA¡C¦]¦¹Âù¤è³£·|¥H¬°¦¬¨ìªº ACK ¬O¹ï¤è¦^À³­è­è°e¥X¥hªº REQ¡A³Ì«á A ·|¤@ª½¦b OPENED ©M REQ-SENT ¨âºØª¬ºA¶¡¤Á ´«¡A¹ï B «h¬O OPENED ©M ACK-SENT¡C

³oºØ´c©Ê´`Àô·|¤@ª½«ùÄòµÛ¡Aª½¨ì¦³¤@¤èµo²{¦Û¤v¦b­ì¦a¥´Âà¦Ó©ñ±óÄ~Äò ¤U¥h¡C

ÁקK³oºØ±¡ªpªº³Ì¦n¤è¦¡¡A¬O±N¬Y¤@ºÝ³]¦¨³Q°Ê¼Ò¦¡¡Ð¤]´N¬Oµ¥¥t¤@ ¤è¥ý¶}©l·¾³q¡A¥Î³o¹D©R¥O¡G

          set openmode passive
        

¥Î³o­Ó¿ï¶µ®É­n¤p¤ß¡AÀ³¸Ó©M³o­Ó©R¥O¤@°_¥Î¡G

          set stopped N
        

³o·|³]©w ppp µ¥«Ý¹ï¤è¶}©l·¾³qªº®É¶¡¤W­­¡A¥t¤@­Ó¤èªk¬O¥Î¡G

          set openmode active N
        

¨ä¤¤ N ¬O¦b¥D°Ê·¾³q¤§«e¥ýµ¥«Ýªº¬í¼Æ¡Aman page ¦³§ó¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú¡C

A: ¦b FreeBSD 2.2.5 ¤§«eªºª©¥»¡A¦³¥i¯à¦]¬° ppp ¦b³B²z Predictor1 À£ÁY®Éµo¥Í¿ù»~¡A¨Ï±o¦b³s½u«á°¨¤W´N¥d¦í¡C¥u¦³·í³s½uÂù¤è³£¸Õ¹Ï¥Î¤£¦P ºØ Compression Control Protocol(CCP) ·¾³q®É¡A¤~·|µo¥Í³oºØ±¡§Î¡C³o­Ó °ÝÃD¤w¸g¸Ñ¨M¤F¡A¦ý¦pªG¤´¦b¥Îª©ªº ppp¡A¥i¥H¥Î³oºØ¤èªkÁקK¡G

          disable pred1
        

A: ¦b¥Î shell ©Î ! ©R¥O®É¡Appp ·|°õ¦æ shell(ppp ¤]·|§â§A«ü©wªº°Ñ¼Æ¶Çµ¹ shell)¡APpp ·|µ¥¨ì³o¨Ç©R¥Oµ²§ô«á¤~Ä~Äò¡C¦pªG ¦³¨Ï¥Î¨ì ppp ³s½uªº©R¥O¡A³s½u·|¹³¬O³Q­á¦í¤F¡A³o¬O¦]¬° ppp ¥¿¦b µ¥³o¨Ç«ü¥Oµ²§ô¡C

¦pªG·Q°õ¦æµ{¦¡¡A¥Î !bg ³o­Ó©R¥O¡A¥¦·|§âµ{¦¡¥á¨ì­I´º°õ¦æ¡Appp ±µµÛ´N¯àÄ~Äò«O«ù³s½u¡C

A: ¥Ñ©ó null-modem ¥»¨­¥Îªº½u§÷¡Appp ¨S¦³¿ìªk¦Û°Ê¨M©w¬O§_ ¬Y­Óª½±µ³s½u¤w¸gÂ_±¼¡C·í¨Ï¥Î³oÃþ¤è¦¡ªº³s½u®É¡A¤@©w­n¥´¶} LQR¡G

          enable lqr
        

¤º©w¬O·|±µ¨ü LQR¡A¦pªG¹ï¤è¥Î¥¦¨Ó·¾³qªº¸Ü¡C

A: ¦pªG ppp «D¹w´Á¦a¼½¸¹¡A´N¥²¶·­n§ä¥X­ì¦]¡AµM«á³]©w¼½¸¹¹LÂo ¾¹¡]dfilter, Dial filter¡^¨ÓÁקK³oºØ±¡§Î¡C

­n§ä¥X­ì¦]¡A¥ý¥Î³o­Ó©R¥O¡G

          set log +tcp/ip
        

³o¼Ë·|°O¿ý¸g¥Ñ³s½uªº©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡C¤U¦¸¦pªG¤SµL¬G¼½¸¹¡A´N¥i¥H±q°O¿ý ®ÇÃ䪺®É¶¡«Ü§Ö§ä¨ì­ì¦]¡C

²{¦b¥i¥HÁקK¦]¬°³o¨Ç­ì¦]¼½¸¹¡C³q±`¬O¦b§@ DNS ¬d¸ß®É¤~·|µo¥Í³oºØ °ÝÃD¡A­nÁקK¦] DNS ¬d¸ß¦Ó³s½u¡]³o¼Ë¤£·|¨Ï ppp ¦b³s½uª¬ºA ¤U¾×±¼³o¨Ç«Ê¥]¡^¡A¥Î¤U­±³o´X¦æ¡G

          set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
          set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
          set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0
        

³oºØ°µªk¨Ã¤£¥Ã»·¾A¥Î¡A¦]¬°¥¦¨Æ¹ê¤W¨Ï±o§AµLªk¥Î demand-dial ¥\¯à ¡Ð ¤j³¡¥÷µ{¦¡¦b°µºô¸ô¬ÛÃö°Ê§@«e³£·|¥Î¨ì DNS ¬d¸ß¡C

¦b DNS ³o­Ó±¡ªp¤U¡AÀ³¸Ó¸ÕµÛ§ä¥X¨ì©³¬O½Ö·Q­n¸Ñ¥X¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡A³q±`´X ¥G³£¬O¥Ñ sendmail ©Ò³y¦¨¡A©Ò¥H­n¦b sendmail ³]©wÀɤ¤«ü¥Ü¥¦¤£­n°µ¥ô¦ó DNS ¬d¸ß¡C¦b Mail ³]©w ¤@¸`¤¤¦³¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¦p¦ó§@¥X ¦Û¤vªº³]©wÀÉ¡B¤Î¸Ì­±À³¸Ó©ñ­þ¨Ç³]©w¡A§A¤]³\·Q­n±N¤U¤@¦æ¥[¤J .mc Àɤ¤¡G

          define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl
        

³o·|¨Ï sendmail ¥ý¾×µÛ©Ò¦³«H¥ó¡Aª½¨ì°e«H®É¦A¤@»ô°e¥X¥h¡]³q±` sendmail °õ¦æ®É¬O¥Î ``-bd -q30m'' ³o­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡A§i¶D¥¦¨C¤T¤Q¤ÀÄÁ¤~°e«H¡^ ©Î¬O¦³¤H°õ¦æ ``sendmail -q''¡]¤]³\¥i¥H©ñ¦b ppp.linkup ¸Ì¡^¡C

A: §Ú¦b log Àɤ@ª½¬Ý¨ì³o¨Ç¿ù»~°T®§¡G

          CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
          CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)
        

³o¬O¦]¬° ppp ¸Õ¹Ï§@ Predictor1 À£ÁY¤è­±ªº·¾³q¡A¦ý¹ï¤èªº¾÷¾¹«o§¹ ¥þ¤£¥ÎÀ£ÁY¥\¯à¡C³o¨Ç°T®§¬OµL®`ªº¡A¦ý¦pªG¤£·Q¬Ý¨ì¥¦ªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H§â¥»¦a ppp ªº Predictor1 À£ÁY¤]¤@°_Ãö±¼¡G

          disable pred1
        

A: ¦b FreeBSD 2.2.2 ¤Î¥ý«eªºª©¥»¤¤¡Atun ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦³­Ó°ÝÃD¡A¥¦¤£·| ±µ¦¬¨º¨Ç¤j¹L tun ¤¶­± MTU ªº«Ê¥]¡C¦pªG¦¬¨ì¤ñ MTU ¤jªº«Ê¥]¡A¥¦·|¥Î syslogd °O¿ý¬° IO ¿ù»~¡C

¦ý ppp ³W®æ¤¤¦³´£¨ì¡A¤£ºÞ LCP ·¾³qªºµ²ªG¦p¦ó¡AMRU ³Ì¤pªº¥i±µ¨ü ­È¥Ã»·¬O 1500¡C©Ò¥H¦³¥i¯à§A¤£¤p¤ß±N MTU ½Õ§C©ó 1500¡AISP ·|¤£²z¥¦¦Ó°e¥X 1500 ¤j¤pªº«Ê¥]¡AµM«á´N·|IJµo¤W­zªº "¥\¯à"¡C

¦b FreeBSD 2.2.2 ¤Î¤§«eªºª©¥»¤¤¡A¥Ã»·¤£­n±N MTU ½Õ§C©ó 1500¡A´N ¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C

A: ¦pªG­n°O¿ý¹q¸£©M¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶¡ªº¨C¤@¦æ ``¹ï¸Ü''¡A¥Î¤U¤@¦æ¥´¶}¡G

          set log +connect
        

³o·|¨Ï ppp °O¿ý©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ¡Aª½¨ì¼½¸¹¦r¦ê³Ì«á¤@­Óµ¥«Ýªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶Ç¦^­È ¬°¤î¡C

¦pªG¨Ï¥Î PAP ©Î CHAP (¦]¬°¨S¦³ "set login" ©R¥O¡A©Ò¥H³]©wÀɤ¤ CONNECT ¤§«á´N¤£·|¬Ý¨ì¥ô¦ó¹ï¸Ü)¡A·Q­n¬Ý¨ì³s½u³t«×ªº¸Ü¡A½T©w ppp µ¥«Ýªº¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¶Ç¦^­È¬O CONNECT ³o¤@¾ã¦æ¡A¹³³o¼Ë¡G

          set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"
        

³o¼Ë¦b¬Ý¨ì CONNECT «á¤£·|°e¥X¥ô¦óªF¦è¡A±µµÛ¦Aµ¥­Ó´«¦æ¦r¤¸¡A±j ­¢ ppp Ū¨ú¦^À³ªº CONNECT ¤@¾ã¦æ¡C

A: Ppp ·|¥h¤ÀªR³]©wÀɤ¤ªº¨C¤@¦æ¡A³o¼Ë¥¦¤~·|¥¿½T¸ÑŪ¹³¬O set phone "123 456 789" ªº¦r¦ê¡]§AÀ³¸Óª¾¹D³o­Ó¼Æ¦r¥u¬O <¤@­Ó> °Ñ¼Æ¡A¦pªG­n«ü©wÂù¤Þ¸¹ (") ³o­Ó¦r¤¸¡A¥²¶·¦b¥¦«e­±¥Î¤Ï±×½u (\)±N¥¦¹j¶}¡^¡C

·í¸ÑĶµ{¦¡¤ÀªR¨C­Ó°Ñ¼Æ®É¡A¬°¤F§ä¥X¦r¦ê¤¤©Ò¦³¹³¬O ``\P'' ``\T'' ªº¸õ²æ¦r¤¸¡]¨£ man page¡^¡A¥²¶·­«·s¸ÑĶ¸Ó°Ñ¼Æ¡C¦b³oºØÂù­«¤ÀªR¤§¤U¡A §A¥²¶·°O±o¥Î¥¿½Tªº¸õ²æ¼Æ¥Ø¡C

°²³]­n¹ï¼Æ¾Ú¾÷°e¥X ``\'' ³o­Ó¦r¤¸¡AÀ³¸Ó¹³¬O¡G

          set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"
        

³o¼Ë«h·|±o¨ì¤U­±³o¦ê¡G

          ATZ
          OK
          AT\X
          OK
        

¦pªG¬O

          set phone 1234567
          set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"
        

«h·|±o¨ì¤U­±µ²ªG¡G

          ATZ
          OK
          ATDT1234567
        

A: Ppp (©Î¥ô¦óÃþ¦üªºµ{¦¡) À³¸Ó¤£¥i¯à¦³ core dump¡C¥Ñ©ó ppp °õ¦æ®É ªº effective user id ¬O 0 (§Y¥H root ¨­¥÷°õ¦æ)¡A§@·~¨t²Î¦b²×¤î ppp «e¤£·|¹ïºÏºÐ¼g¥¦ªº core ¬M¹³ÀÉ¡C¦pªG ppp ¯uªº¦]¬° segmentation violation ©Î¨ä¥L¤@¯ë·| core dump ªº signal ¦Ó²×¤î¡B¨Ã¥B½T©w¥Î ªº¬O³Ì·sª©¥»(¨£¥»¸`¶}ÀY)¡A¨º»ò§A¥i¥H³o»ò°µ¡G

          $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz
          $ cd ppp*/ppp
          $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile
          $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile
          $ make clean all
          $ su
          # make install
          # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp
        

§A²{¦b¤w¸g¸Ë¤W¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó°£¿ùªº ppp ª©¥»¡A¥Ñ©óÅv­­¤W¨S¦³§@¯S§O³]©w¡A ©Ò¥H¥²¶·¥H root ¨Ó°õ¦æ ppp¡A¶¶«K¤]­nª`·N¬O¦b¨º­Ó¥Ø¿ý°õ¦æªº¡C

²{¦b¦pªG ppp ¸I¨ì¤F segmentation violation¡A´N·|±N coredump ¦s¦b ppp.core Àɤ¤¡A±µ¤U¨Ó´N¬O¡G

          $ su
          # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core
          (gdb) bt
          .....
          (gdb) f 0
          .....
          (gdb) i args
          .....
          (gdb) l
          .....
        

®Ú¾Ú§Aªº°ÝÃD¨Ó¨ú±o¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¡A´N¥i¥H¶EÂ_°ÝÃD¥X¦b¨º¸Ì¡C

¦pªG¼ô±x gdb¡A¤]³\·|·Q§ä¥X¨ä¥Lªº¸Ô²Ó¸ê®Æ¡A¹³¬O¨º­Ó°Ê§@³y¦¨ dump¡B¤Î¬ÛÃöÅܼƪº¦ì§}¤Î¼Æ­Èµ¥¡C

A: ³o¬O³]©w ppp ¦b -auto ¼Ò¦¡¦V¹ï¤è¨ú±o°ÊºA IP ®Éªº¤wª¾°ÝÃD¡A ¦b³Ì·sª©ªº ppp ¤w¸g¸Ñ¨M¤F ¡Ð ¦b man page ¤¤¥Î iface ÃöÁä¦r§ä§ä ¬Ý¡C

·í¥Î¨ìºô¸ôªºµ{¦¡©I¥s connect(2) ®É¡Asocket endpoint ·|³]¦¨ tun ³o­Ó¬É­±ªº IP¡Akernel ±µµÛ²£¥Í­n°e¥X ¥hªº²Ä¤@­Ó«Ê¥]¡A§â¥¦¶Çµ¹ tun¡APpp Ū¨ì³o­Ó«Ê¥]«á´N·|¶}©l«Ø¥ß³s ½u¡C¦pªG ppp ¥Îªº¬O°ÊºA¤À°t IP¡A¨º»ò´N·|§ïÅÜ tun ¬É­±ªº¦ì§}¡A ­ì¥ýªº socket endpoint ´N¦¨¬°¤£¥¿½Tªº­È¡C±µµÛ°e¨ì¹ï¤èªº«Ê¥]³q±`³£·| ³Q¥á±¼¡A´Nºâ¯à¶¶§Q¹F¨ì¹ï¤è¾÷¾¹¡A¥Ñ©ó¸Ó¨Ó·½ IP ¤wµ¹¨ä¥L¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A¥ô¦ó¦^ À³¤]¤£·|³Q¶Ç¦^¥»¦aªº¾÷¾¹¤W¡C

²z½×¤W¡A¦³¦n´XºØ¤èªk¥i¥H¸Ñ¨M³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C¦pªG ISP Ä@·N¨C¦¸³£´£¨Ñ¬Û¦P IP ·íµM¬O³Ì¦n :-)¡A¥Ø«eª©¥»ªº ppp ·|°µ¨ì³o¤@ÂI¡A¦ý¤j¦h¼Æªº ppp ¹ê§@¤£·|³o»ò°µ¡C

±q client ºÝ³Ì®e©öªº¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¬O¡A¥Ã»·³£¤£­n§ïÅÜ tun ¬É­±ªº IP ­È¡A ¦ý¬O±N©Ò¦³¥X¥hªº«Ê¥]¨Ó·½ IP ±q­ì¥ýªº tun ¬É­± IP §ï¬°³s½u®É¨ú±oªº IP¡A°ò¥»¤W³o´N¬O³Ì·sª© ppp ¸Ì iface-alias ¿ï¶µªº°µªk¡]¨Ï¥Î ¤F libalias(3) ©M°õ¦æ ppp ®Éªº -alias °Ñ¼Æ¡^¡Ð°O¦í¤§«e©Ò¦³ ¥Î¹Lªº tun ¬É­± IP¡A¦A§â¥þ³¡´«¦¨³Ìªñ¤@¦¸®³¨ìªº¦ì§}¡C

¥t¤@ºØ¤èªk¡]¥i¯à¬O³Ì¥i¾a¡^¬O¼g­Ó¥i¥H­×§ï©Ò¦³ socket endpoint ­Èªº system call¡C·í®³¨ì·sªº IP ®É¡APpp ´N¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó­×§ï©Ò¦³°õ¦æµ{¦¡ ©Ò«Ø¥ßªº socket¡C·í DHCP client µ{¦¡¹ï socket ­«·s¨Ï¥Î bind() ®É¡A¤] ¥i¥H¥Î¦P¼Ëªº©I¥s¡C

ÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó¥i¯à«h¬O¤¹³\¤£¥Î IP¡A´N¥i¥H±Ò¥Î¬Y­Óºô¸ô¬É­±¡C°e¥X¥hªº«Ê¥] ¨Ó·½ IP ·|³]¦¨ 255.255.255.255¡Aª½¨ì SIOCAIFADDR ³o­Ó ioctl ²Ä¤@¦¸°õ ¦æ§¹¦¨¬°¤î¡C³o¼Ë·|§¹¥þ³sµ² socket ªº¨âºÝ¡A¦Ó¥Ñ ppp ¨Ó­×§ï¨Ó·½ªº IP ­È¡A¦ý¥u¦³·í­ì¨Ó IP ­È¬O 255.255.255.255 ®É¡B©ÎªÌ IP ­È©M IP °»¿ù ½X»Ý­n­×§ï®É¤~·|¥h§ó°Ê¡C³oºØ¤è¦¡¦³ÂIºâ¬O hack¡A§Y kernel ¥i¥H¹ï¨S³] ©w¦nªº¬É­±°e¥XÃa±¼ªº«Ê¥]¡A¦]¬°°²³]·|¦³¨ä¥L¾÷¨î¥i¥H­×¥¿³oºØ¿ù»~¡C

A: ¹CÀ¸©ÎÃþ¦üµ{¦¡¤£¯à©M libalias ·f°t¨Ï¥Îªº­ì¦]¬O¡A¥~­±ªº¾÷¾¹¸ÕµÛ¹ï µÛ¤º³¡ªº¾÷¾¹¶}±Ò³s½u¡B©Î¡]¤£½Ð¦Û¨Ó¦a¡^°e¥X UDP «Ê¥]¡A¦Ó alias «Ê¥]ªº ³nÅ餣ª¾¹D¥¦À³¸Ó§â³o¨Ç«Ê¥]°e¨ì¸Ì­±ªº¾÷¾¹¥h¡C

¸Ñ¨Mªº¤è¦¡¬O¡A¥ý½T©w²{¦b¥u¦³°õ¦æ¨º­Ó·|¥X°ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡¡AµM«á¦b gateway ¾÷¾¹¤W¹ï tun ¬É­±°õ¦æ tcpdump¡B©Î¦b¤W­±¥´¶}°O¿ý tcp/ip ªº¥\ ¯à¡]``set log +tcp/ip''¡^¡C

¦b±Ò°Ê¥X°ÝÃDªºµ{¦¡®É¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¦b gateway ¾÷¾¹¤W¬Ý¨ì¦³«Ê¥]³q¹L¡A·í¥~ ¬É¦³¶Ç¦^«Ê¥]®É«h·|³Q¥á±¼¡]³o´N¬O°ÝÃD©Ò¦b¡^¡C°O¤U³o¨Ç«Ê¥]­n°e¨ì¥Øªº¦a ªº¨º­Ó°ð¡AµM«áÃö±¼µ{¦¡¡C­«½Æ´X¦¸¡A¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_³£­n°e¨ì¦P¼Ë©T©wªº°ð¡A¦pªG ¬Oªº¸Ü¡A¦b /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ¬ÛÃö¦ì¸m¥[¤W³o¤@¦æ¡A´N¥i¨Ïµ{¦¡¥¿½T¹B§@¡G

          alias port proto internalmachine:port port
        

¨ä¤¤ ``proto'' ¬O ``tcp'' ©Î ``udp''¡A``internalmachine'' ¬O­n±µ ¦¬³o¨Ç«Ê¥]ªº¾÷¾¹¡A``port'' «h¬O³o¨Ç«Ê¥]­n°e¨ì¨º­Ó°ð¡C

¦pªG­n¦b¨ä¥L¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ¦P¼Ëµ{¦¡¡A¥²¶·­«½Æ¦P¼Ë¹Lµ{­×§ï¤W¤@¦æ³]©w¡A §_«h´N¤£¯à¥¿±`¨Ï¥Î¡F¤]¤£¥i¯à¦b¨â¥x¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¤W¦P®É¨Ï¥Î¡Ð²¦³º¥~¬É¥u¬O§â ³o­Ó¤º³¡ºô¸ô¬Ý¦¨¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¦Ó¤w¡C

¦pªG«Ê¥]¤£¤@©w°e¨ì¦P¼Ëªº°ð¡A§A¦³¤TºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G

1) ¦b libalias ¥[¤J¹ï¥¦ªº¤ä´©¡A /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c ¦³¤@¨Ç ``¯S¨Ò'' ªº¥Ü½d¡]alias_ftp.c ¬O­Ó¤£¿ùªº­ì«¬ÀÉ¡^¡C³q±`¬OŪ¨ú¬Y¨Ç¥i¥H»{±o¥Xªº¥~°e«Ê¥]¡A§ä¥X­n¥~­±³s ¨ì¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¬Y­Ó°ðªº«ü¥O¡AµM«á¦b alias ªí¤¤³]©w ``route''¡A¥H«á¦A¦¬¨ì ³oºØ«Ê¥]´Nª¾¹D­n©¹¨º¸Ì°e¡C

³o¬O³Ì§xÃøªº¸Ñªk¡A¦ý¤]¬O³Ì¦nªº¡A¨Ã¥BÁÙ¥i¥H¦b¦h¥x¾÷¾¹¤W¥Î¦P¼Ëµ{¦¡¡C

2) ¨Ï¥Î proxy¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¸ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¤]³\¤ä´© socks5¡A©Î¬O ¦³­Ó ``passive'' ªº¿ï¶µ¡]¹³¬O ``cvsup''¡^¥i¥HÁקK¹ï¤è¦V¤º³¡¾÷¾¹´£¥X ³s½uªº­n¨D¡C

3) ¥Î ``alias addr'' §â©Ò¦³¸ê®Æ³£Â൹¤º³¡¾÷¾¹¡A³o¬O³Ì«á ¤~¥Îªº¼É¤Oªk¡C

A: ²{¦bÁÙ¨S¦³¡A¦ý¥i¥H±N³o¨Ç§Ë¦¨¤@­Ó¦W³æ¡]¦pªG¦³¤H·P¿³½ìªº¸Ü¡^¡C ¦b¤U­±ªº¨Ò¤l¸Ì¡A§â internal ´«¦¨ª±¹CÀ¸¨º¥x¾÷¾¹ªº IP¡C

• Quake

  alias port udp internal:6112 6112

  ¦pªG·Q¥Î¨ä¥L¤è¦¡¡Awww.battle.net ¦³ Quake ¹ï proxy ¤ä´©ªº»¡©ú¡C

• Quake 2

  alias port udp internal:27901 27910

• ¬õ¦âĵ§Ù¡]Red Alert¡

  alias port udp internal:8675 8675

  alias port udp internal:5009 5009

• Half Life

  alias port udp internal:27005 27015

• PCAnywhere 8.0

  alias port udp internal:5632 5632

  alias port tcp internal:5631 5631

A: FCS ¬O Frame Check Sequence ªºÁY¼g¡C¨C¤@­Ó ppp «Ê¥]³£ªþ¦³°»¿ù½X¨Ó½T©w¦¬¨ìªº¸ê®Æªº½T¬O°e¥Xªº¸ê®Æ¡C¦pªG¶i¨Óªº¬Y­Ó «Ê¥] FCS ¤£¥¿½T¡A´N¥á±¼³o­Ó«Ê¥]¡B¦A§â HDLC ¸Ìªº FCS ­p¼Æ¾¹¥[ 1¡C ¥Î show hdlc «K¥i¬Ý¨ì HDLC ¸Ìªº¦UºØ¿ù»~­p¼Æ­È¡C

¤£¨}½u¸ô(©Î«Ê¥]³Q¦ê¦C°ðªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¥á±¼)¦³®É­Ô´N·|µo¥Í FCS ¿ù»~¡A ÁöµM¥¦ªº½T·|¤j¤j©ìºCÀ£ÁY¨ó©w¡A¤£¹L³q±`³o¨S¤°»ò¤j¤£¤F¡C¦pªG§A¥Îªº ¬O¥~±µ¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A½T©w¦³«OÅ@½u¸ô¤£¨ü¥~¬É¤zÂZ ¡Ð ³o¼Ë»¡¤£©w´N¸Ñ¨M¤F¡C

¦pªG¦b³s¤W®É°¨¤W´N­á¦í¡B¨Ã¥BÁ٬ݨì¤@¤j°ï FCS ¿ù»~ªº¸Ü¡A¦³¥i¯à ¬O¦]¬°§Aªº³s½u¨Ã«D¬O 8 bit clean¡C½T©w¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¤£¬O¥Î³nÅé¬yµ{±±¨î (XON/XOFF)¡A¦pªG§Aªº³s½u <¤@©w> ­n¥Î³nÅé¬yµ{±±¨îªº¸Ü¡A¥Î set accmap 0x000a0000 ³o¹D©R¥O§i¶D ppp ¸õ¹L ^Q ©M ^S ³o¨â­Ó¦r¤¸¡C

¬Ý¨ì¤@¤j°ï FCS ¿ù»~ªº¥t¤@­Ó­ì¦]¡A¬O³s½u¥t¤@ºÝ¤£¦A¨Ï¥Î PPP ·¾³q¡C³o®É­Ô¤]³\À³¸Ó¥´¶} async ªº°O¿ý¥\¯à¡A¨Ó¨M©w¬O§_¶i¨Óªº ¸ê®Æ¨ä¹ê¬O login ©Î shell ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡C¦pªG¥t¤@ºÝ¬O shell ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡A ¥ý°õ¦æ close lcp¡B±µµÛ term ´N¥i¥H­«·s³s±µ¨ì¹ï ¤è¾÷¾¹ªº shell ¤U¡A¦Ó¤£¥Î±¾±¼¹q¸Ü½u¡C

¦pªG°O¿ýÀɸ̨S¦³¥ô¦ó¸ê°T¥i¥H«ü¥Ü³s½u¬°¦óÂ_±¼¡A¨º»ò´N¸Ó°Ý°Ý¥t¤@ ºÝªººÞ²z­û(§Aªº ISP¡H) «ç»ò·|³o¼Ëµ²§ô¡C

A: ¦pªG¤W­±»¡ªº³£¨S¥Î¡A´NºÉ¥i¯à§ä¥X©Ò¦³¸ê°T¡A³o¥]¬A¤F³]©wÀÉ¡B¦p¦ó ±Ò°Ê ppp¡Blog Àɪº¬ÛÃö³¡¥÷¡B³s½u«e«áªº netstat -rn ¿é¥Xµ²ªG¡A§â³o¨Ç°e¨ì freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org mailing list ©Î comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc newsgroup¡A³o¼ËÀ³¸Ó´N·|¦³¤H«üÂI ¥¿½Tªº¤è¦V¡C